Restoration is the process of returning an area to its original natural state.

Reclamation is the process of returning an area to a state that has a similar or higher use than the pre-mining condition.

In reality, complete restoration is not usually possible on mined-lands, as mining activities remove part of the natural material and significantly alter landforms and functions. However, successful reclamation is achievable.

The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA) of 1977 was one of the most important factors in driving the idea of reclamation in the mining industry.