In terms of environmental management of mine sites, Compliance refers to whether, and to what degree, a mining company adheres to environmental regulations overseen by federal or state agencies. Most companies, whether motivated by a concern for the environment or a concern for their public image, comply willingly with these regulations. However, in cases where a company does not comply, enforcement procedures exist.

Enforcement simply refers to any actions by the government to compel companies to comply with environmental regulations. Enforcement procedures may include orders for more frequent monitoring, fines, probationary periods, or temporary cease orders.