Interferometry

Interferometer, an instrument that uses the interference patterns formed by waves to measure certain characteristics of the waves themselves or of materials that reflect, refract, or transmit the waves. Interferometers can also be used to make precise measurements of distance. Interferometry has several advantages over other surface-measurement techniques. It has very high sensitivity to surface topography, typically measured in nanometers.

Raman Spectroscopy

Raman Spectroscopy is a non-destructive chemical analysis technique which provides detailed information about chemical structure, phase and polymorphy, crystallinity and molecular interactions. It is based upon the interaction of light with the chemical bonds within a material. Raman Spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique used to detect vibrational, rotational, and other states in a molecular system.

Mass Spectrometer

Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. The results are typically presented as a mass spectrum, a plot of intensity as a function of the mass-to-charge ratio. Specific applications of mass spectrometry include drug testing and discovery, food contamination detection, pesticide residue analysis, isotope ratio determination, protein identification, and carbon dating.