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The procedural remedy comprises the steps taken before data collection process.
Obtain measures of predictor and criterion variables from different sources (e.g., in a study examining the link between employee job satisfaction and job performance, have the employees rate their job satisfaction and then have their supervisors rate their job performance as well).
Use different scales in each variable.
Spread out measurement (i.e., introduce a time lag between the measurement of the predictors and criterion variables, temporal, proximal and psychological).
Ensure the anonymity and confidentiality of the participants.
Counterbalance the order of the questions.
Use scale items that are written clearly and precisely and, thus, less subject to bias
Inform participants that there is no preferred or correct answer, rather that you desire their honest appraisal of the item
Ensure that all responses require equal effort (e.g., avoid complicated wording and syntax, as well as double-barreled questions)
Provide clear instructions for completing the measure, with definitions to avoid confusion (Nunnally & Bernstein, 1994; Podsakoff et al., 2003).
Avoid vague concepts and simpalify complex questions.
Avoid long questionnaire.
Simplify language, vocabulary and syntax that match the reading capability of the respondents
Avoid double barrel questions.
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