RESEARCH

Thesis

Archaeological Heritage Safeguarding and Practice: A Public Archaeological Analysis in Bangladesh’ Supervised by Md Sadequzzaman in 2020. (Education, Public Relation, Digital Technology, Public Awareness & Engagement, Lalmai-Mainamati Model, etc.

The postgraduate thesis has been presented as a partial supplement to the postgraduate degree for presentation in the Department of Archeology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Comilla University under the supervision of Mr. Md. Sadequzzaman, Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology. The thesis title is "Archaeological Heritage Safeguarding and practice: A Public Archaeological Analysis in Bangladesh".

Bangladesh is an important country in South Asia and occupies an important position in the global context of education, culture and heritage. However, the isolation of the people of this region from the practice of archeology can be inferred from the perspectives and ideas of the people related to archeology. A large part of society is seen to pass through this darkness. As a result, there are misconceptions about archeology and moving away from the main discussion of archeology as a subject, some defining archeology as a part of history and some as a study of archeology. As a result, the archeological approach of the region is known to all within a certain framework and people are subconsciously destroying our culturally important heritage due to lack of proper concept.

The current research work has been analyzed from the perspective of popular theory, a popular branch of archeology around the world, on the role of archeology in preserving and practicing archeology through enhancing human interrelationships. It also discusses the participation of large populations and proper management strategies in contrast to the region's resources. Which is expected to be considered an important strategy in the preservation and practice of antiquities. In this context, the case study emphasizes the importance of three approaches to the preservation and practice of antiquities in the Lalmai-Mainamati region and combines them to present a sustainable and practical model for the preservation of antiquities in the region. Will help to gain a clear idea. Which will play a helpful role in changing the context of people's participation with the place and in achieving partnership. It also discusses the role of the region in the development of socio-economic and economic well-being of the people in the area and in the light of the Lalmai-Mainamati model to explore the role of people directly or indirectly involved in the development of cultural elements. . Which will play an important role in improving the quality of life of the people involved as well as in preserving the heritage.

Above all, in this context, widely used models of folklore and realizing the importance of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, a new perspective was introduced in the review of folklore in the preservation and practice of antiquities in the Lalmai-Mainamati region. This will play an important role in preserving the antiquities of Lalmai-Mainamati region through ensuring sustainable development and participation of the people as well as gaining a clear idea about the heritage. Which will inspire them to play a vital role in sharing and preserving their heritage. The proposed model of Lalmai-Mainamati region will play an important role in introducing one's own culture and protection of heritage in developing and populous countries like Bangladesh and people will become aware of protection of their heritage.

The first chapter discusses previous research, literature review, research rationale, research objectives, research methodology, research area, research area environment and historical context. Through which the problems and possibilities of research have been discussed and the protection and practice of antiquities in the global perspective including South Asia has been discussed and the continuous methodology of this research has been discussed in detail. The second chapter discusses in detail the nature, nature and causes of damage to archeological sites in Bangladesh as well as the importance of reconstructing history. The Lalmai-Mainamati region of Comilla district is also considered as a case study where human settlements from prehistoric times to the present have been identified. The third chapter discusses new perspectives on the preservation and practice of antiquities in Bangladesh in the light of the continuous development and analysis of the potential of public opinion in the global context and the presentation of new proposals on education, public relations and information technology. The fourth chapter discusses the application and realization of the proposed model and ensures the protection of antiquities by examining the possibilities and limitations and presents the Lalmai-Mainamati model in the context of Bangladesh which is a new addition to the national and international studies. The fifth chapter discusses the validity of the use of the Lalmai-Mainamati model in the light of the analysis of the sections relating to public opinion in laws, notifications and decisions relating to antiquities at national and international level and explains the limitations. Chapter 6 discusses the involvement of the people and the use of technology in achieving the goals of sustainable development through socio-economic and environmental development of the region using the Lalmai-Mainamati model. Chapter 7 sheds light on how it is possible to ensure the preservation of antiquities in the conventional way through folklore, legends and religious activities, as well as discusses synergies. Chapter 8 discusses in detail the management policy in the light of the Lalmai Mainamati model with the local stakeholders, policy makers, the responsible authorities and all concerned concerned, and ensuring its use and harmonization with the Fourth Information Technology Revolution in mind. Above all, the proposed model is presented to highlight the possibilities and limitations of Bangladesh's heritage protection and practice as well as to ensure the participation of our heritage in the global arena by unveiling new perspectives on the protection and practice of heritage and utilizing the potential of the fourth information technology.

Research Monograph

Heritage Practice and Preservation: A Public Archaeological Analysis in Lalmai-Mainamati Hill Area’ Supervised by Md Sadequzzaman in 2019. (Digital Transformation, Stakeholders, Government Policymaker, Public Engagement. )

Executive Summary

The undergraduate research monograph has been presented as a partial supplement to the undergraduate degree for presentation in the Department of Archeology, Faculty of Social Sciences,Comilla University under the supervision of Mr. Md.Sadequzzaman, Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology. The research monograph is entitled " Heritage Practice and Preservation: A Public Archaeological Analysis in Lalmai-Mainamati Hill Area".

There is the involvement of people from different walks of life centering on the heritage of Bangladesh. But in developing countries like Bangladesh, there is always a shortage of manpower, financial crisis, and lack of proper planning. Compared to this huge resource, the manpower required for its proper conservation and practice is much less which is a threat to the conservation of the resource. In addition, the general public's unawareness and lack of involvement with the site are affected in many ways and are destroying the resource. In preserving and practicing this heritage, global public theorists have analyzed a variety of propositions and interpretations, and have been seen to encourage the necessary action. In light of this, the research monograph discusses the protection of relics and relics from a public theoretical point of view.

The first chapter sheds light on research objectives, research methods, research strategies, previous research, and environmental conditions. Popular models are also discussed and interpreted in demographic reviews. The second chapter discusses the principles of public opinion, classification, approach, the theoretical framework of conservation, and the need and strategies for the conservation of materials. The fourth chapter discusses in detail the three aspects of preservation of archeological sites, the present situation and the aspects to be done in preservation and practice. Chapter five focuses on socio-economic and national development as well as sustainable development planning on how to ensure prosperity in the tourism sector and the use of a theoretical approach. The sixth chapter is the media in heritage management. The role of museums, educational institutions, and local communities and how to ensure conscious participation are discussed. In addition to ensuring the preservation of heritage in the context of Bangladesh, archaeological research on national development has introduced new concepts and ensured the preservation and practice of archeological resources through the involvement of the general public in preventing small manpower and financial shortages against large populations of developing countries. Overall, obtains the concluding part of this report which contains my personal opinions. We have faced a lot of problems due to some constraints. I hope, these will be passed over next time. There are a lot of scopes to develop the Public archaeological approach to safeguarding the heritage of Bangladesh.

Archaeological Exploration & Excavation Field Reports

A Preliminary Report on Ethnographic Study and Exploration Bijoypur Pottery Community.

The Report was submitted to the Department of Archaeology, Comilla University, for the part of a Third-year final examination. The study of fieldwork purpose of acquiring theoretical knowledge as well as practical knowledge for the second year of my graduation. This fieldwork was supervised by Md Sadequzzaman. After finishing fieldwork, I had submitted a report to the supervisor. The Report entitled ‘A Preliminary Report on Ethnographic Study and Exploration Bijoypur Pottery Community-2017’contains several sections.

Pottery has been playing an important role in archeological research. The aim of our research is to explore the construction techniques, marketing, and contemporary socio-economic conditions of the pottery industry of Vijaypur region and the transformation of technology as well as the source of pottery found in Mainamati region. In this case, as part of the previous discussion of research, study various literary elements, problem identification, research question paper, research objectives, hypotheses, research truth and importance and research possibilities and limitations as well as two elements of their culture material and observation of material elements and observation of material elements. To explore the social, political, economic conditions of the present day society as well as the process of their adaptation through them. Besides, at present Vijaypur pottery group lives in the midst of their labor, talent, industrial consciousness, and the reason for their neglect today is being explored.

The first chapter discusses the research background, research problem determination, research goal objectives, and research rationale. In addition, the relationship between archeological researche is discussed in the analysis of the socio-economic background of the pottery group. The second chapter discusses the historical background of pottery, the historical background of the pottery group of Vijaypur region, theoretical and literary review. The third chapter discusses research areas and populations, research methods (data collection techniques and methods, data analysis design, field notes, research duration). Chapter four discusses in detail the environmental conditions, settlements, weather, and climate of the research area, ethnographic analysis of the population of the research area, classification of pottery by their builders, anatomical features, ornamental and practical aspects. In addition to the transformation of the clay construction process and technology, similarities and differences, obstacles to the development of the tourism industry in the pottery industry, the economic impact on domestic and world markets, and the demand for pottery are discussed. In the context of the discussion of the above data in the fifth chapter, the overall situation in terms of socio-economic and cultural conditions of Vijaypur region is discussed.

A Preliminary Report on Archaeological Exploration and Excavation at Nateshor, Munshiganj

The Report was submitted to the Department of Archaeology, Comilla University, for the part of a second-year final examination. The study of fieldwork purpose of acquiring theoretical knowledge as well as practical knowledge for the second year of my graduation. This fieldwork was supervised by Shohrab Uddin Showrov, PhD. After finishing fieldwork, I had submitted a report to the supervisor. The Report entitled ‘A Preliminary Report on Archaeological Exploration and Excavation at Nateshor, Munshiganj-2016’ contains several sections.

This fieldwork was conducted for the second-year students of the Department of Archeology, Comilla University to impart hands-on training and present field reports using various methods of field survey & excavation directly to gain theoretical knowledge as well as applied knowledge. Where students use different methods of field survey and excavation by hand pen and what kind of possibilities and limitations they feel while conducting archeological fieldwork is an opportunity to gain real experience. As well as the process of writing field reports after fieldwork, the structural structure is discussed in detail. The content of the discussion in that field report is mentioned consistently.

The first chapter discussed research objectives, research methods, and fieldwork plans. It is to be noted here that Nateshwar is a very important and universally recognized archeological site in recent times. China and Bangladesh had already done a lot of work on this site and the research report had been published. We participated in a field survey and excavation at the Nateshwar site in the Munshiganj area to make proper use of the knowledge acquired in our classrooms. Besides, conducting survey work in a systematic manner and participating in excavation, methods used in the excavation were discussed. The second chapter deals with the historical background of Nateshwar and the identifying features of different epochs. The third chapter deals with the topography of the site, the climate, the extent of the river, and the current state of humankind. Which will help in gaining an idea about the environment, human habitation, weather, and the climate in the earlier period of this region. Chapter Four deals with previous research, reports, books, etc. on Nateshwar in details, and field notes are discussed in detail. Chapter Five discusses the types, methods, and methods of the survey at the field level in Nateshwar and the methods followed in the sequence of excavations. This chapter discusses the details of each step of the archaeological survey and excavation and the data obtained. Chapter six discusses the results of the excavated site as well as the interpretation of the issues based on the data obtained and the provision of personal opinions.

A Preliminary Report on Archaeological Exploration and Excavation at Tangirteck & Wari- Bateshware, Bangladesh

The Report was submitted to the Department of Archaeology, Comilla University, for the part of a 1st-year final examination. The study of fieldwork purpose of acquiring theoretical knowledge as well as practical knowledge for the first year of my graduation. This fieldwork was supervised by Md Sadequzzaman. After finishing tremendous fieldwork, I had submitted a report to the supervisor. The Report entitled ‘A Preliminary Report on Archaeological Exploration and Excavation at Tangirteck & Wari- Bateshware, Bangladesh-2015’ contains several sections.

This fieldwork was conducted for the 1st year students of the Department of Archeology, Comilla University to impart hands-on training and present field reports using various methods of field survey & excavation directly to gain theoretical knowledge as well as applied knowledge. Where students use different methods of field survey and excavation by hand pen and what kind of possibilities and limitations they feel while conducting archeological fieldwork is an opportunity to gain real experience. As well as the process of writing field reports after fieldwork, the structural structure is discussed in detail. The content of the discussion in that field report is mentioned consistently.

Chapter one is discussed research objectives, research methods, and fieldwork plans. It is to be noted here that Wari-Bateshwar is still well known as the original historical site of Bangladesh. Many have already worked on this site and research reports have been published. We participate in field surveys and excavations at the Tongirtek site in the Wari-Bateshwar area for the proper use of the knowledge acquired in our classrooms. Besides, systematically conducting survey work and participating in excavation, methods used in the excavation were discussed. Chapter two discussed the historical background of Wari-Bateswara and the identifying features of different epochs. Chapter three deals with the topography of the site, the climate, the extent of the river, and the current state of humankind. Which will help in gaining an idea about the environment, human habitation, weather, and the climate in the earlier period of this region. In the fourth chapter, previous research, reports, books, etc. on Wari-Bateswara have been discussed in detail. The fifth chapter discusses the types, methods, and methods of the survey at the field level in Wari-Bateshwar, Tongirte and the methods followed in the excavation sequence. This chapter discusses the details of each step of the archaeological survey and excavation and the data obtained. Chapter six discusses the results of the excavated site as well as the interpretation of the issues based on the data obtained and the provision of personal opinions.