Philosophy

1. Origin: Progressivism is one of the most important schools of educational philosophy affecting American education in the 20th century. Progressive education is sometimes called the "new education" or the "new education movement". It believes that individuality, progress and change are fundamental to education, and the curriculum is also centered on the needs, experiences, interests and abilities of students.

2. Proposition: This school of educational philosophy believes that education should focus on all students, emphasizing group activities and solving problems in a group way. Let them learn by working together. So as to cultivate students' ability to solve problems. Teachers' authority is diluted. This educational philosophy is based on the philosophy of pragmatism. 

3.Representative figure: John Dewey, American pragmatist philosopher. 

4.Development course: The progressive education movement has experienced four periods, namely, the formation period, the expansion period, the transformation period and the decline period. 

Formative Period (1883-1919) The establishment of progressive schools such as Parker's Cook Normal School Internship School, Johnson's Organic Education School, and Walter's Grey School. Progressive education theory initially formed the establishment of the child-centered concept Representative figures: Parker, Johnson, Walter, Dewey. 

Expansion period (1919-1929) Progressive Education Association established progressive education principles and formed the continuation of the child-centered theory of Progressive Education magazine. 

During the transition period (1929-1938), the focus of the experiment was shifted from primary education to secondary education, and the focus of attention was shifted from the center of children to social reform. 

Decline (1938-1957) The Progressive Education Association changed its name to the American Education Association in 1955. The association was dissolved in 1957. The magazine Progressive Education was discontinued. Representative figures: Kerberge, Bagley, Dewey. 

5.Content of progressive philosophy: Progressivism believes that teaching methods must be consistent with teaching materials. Dewey said, "Experience as insight into the connection between what is attempted and the result endured is a process, and apart from the efforts made to control the process, teaching materials and methods make no difference." Progressivism, based on the principle of learning from experience, strives to unify teaching materials and teaching methods, to link purposes with activities, and to test the results of activities. They have proposed many methods of teaching which are subject to this aim. The most famous of them are the "design teaching method" of Kerberge and the "problem teaching method" of Dewey. 

6.The group concludes: The progressivism has not developed into a formalized, well-documented philosophy of education.Progressivism emphasizes exploration and experience. Teachers act as counselors in the classroom, organizing small team debates and customized activities for students.Role: Teachers guide students with advice and thought-provoking questions.