Metronome markings are at the start of almost everey piece of music. They tell the player what tempo (speed) to play the song at. Next to the metronome mark can also be swing mark, which tells the player if the song has a swing rhythm. A swing rhythm is long short long short long.
As an alternative to metronome markings, you can use Tempo Markings. These are Italian words that mean the same as metronome markings, but they are less specific, and have a range of roughly 20 bpm. There is a chart on the right side comparing the tempo marking to the BPM.
On the top is the first line of Mamma Mia by ABBA, it has a metronome mark of 135 bpm.
There are examples of both songs at their respective tempos below.
On the bottom is the first line of Hallelujah by Leonard Cohen, it has a tempo mark of Moderato, which is 108-120 bpm.
Metronome markings are very useful because without them, you wouldn't know what tempo to play the song at. You can play around with the tempo, and use it as a tool to slow a song down which will change the feel of the song.
and it would sound terrible because the composer would compose it at one tempo and the player would play it at another and it would sound wrong.