Six participants of different belt ranks and years of training were asked to punch three times in the air. Punches were recorded for frame analysis and punch form evaluation.
Participant data is depicted below. The belt ranking system for the dojo of study is also shown for reference.
Punch Consistency: Compare punches from displacement/velocity graphs
Punch Velocity: Compare peak punch velocities (momentum)
Punch Form: Compare technical punching form
The video linked here explains the expectations of results if a belt system truly represented martial arts ability.
Because there was no access to computer-generated templates, the ideal for evaluating form, a list of criteria on the ideal punching form were generated from Ishak & Eager.
Although the dojo of study utilizes a mix of karate and taekwondo for the punch, the sole difference between a taekwondo reverse-step punch and dojo's style of punching is that the hand remains open and gradually closes before impact. This was added to the list of criteria.
The table below shows all the criteria used to quantify the punches.