シンポジウム

10月12日(土)に予定されていたシンポジウムは、台風19号の接近に伴い中止となりました。申し訳ありませんが、ご理解いただきますようよろしくお願いいたします。

日本動物心理学会第79回大会準備委員長

澤 幸祐

シンポジウム「Return of Behavior Analysis -行動分析の帰還-」

日 時:2019年10月12日(土)11:00-12:30

場 所:2号館1階211

企画・司会 澤 幸祐 (専修大学)

講演者 丹野 貴行(明星大学)・井垣 竹晴(流通経済大学) 「動物心理学と行動分析らしさ」

黒田 敏数 (愛知文教大学) 「リアルタイム・トラッキングを用いた行動の測定と制御」

八賀 洋介 (早稲田大学) 「行動分析家からみた他個体への共感に基づく救助行動研究」

藤巻 峻 (早稲田大学) 「シングルケースデザイン:N-of-1との付き合い方」

企画趣旨

仮説構成概念の濫用からくる再現可能性危機や有意性検定の問題に端を発する統計革命など、心理学において様々な問題が持ち上がっている。動物心理学も、こうした問題と無縁ではない。動物種によってはサンプルサイズを増やすことが困難な状況にどう対処するか、仮説構成概念の濫用をどう防ぐかといった問題は、動物心理学においても定期的に確認しておくべきところであろう。

行動分析学は、「心的用語による行動変容の説明を行わない」「シングルケースデザインによって環境と行動の関数関係を明らかにする」といった、独特の方法論に基づいた学問領域である。こうした姿勢は、再現可能性危機や統計革命といった目下の問題に対するひとつの答えであると同時に、動物行動の研究を行う我々に対して、動物の訓練方法や実験デザインの検討、結果の解釈の指針などに極めて有用である(プラグマティズム風)。歴史的には行動分析学と動物心理学は近接領域としての交流をもってきたが、近年そうした関係が薄まりつつあるのではないかという危惧がある。そこで、今回は行動分析学領域で動物を対象として活発に研究を行っている講演者から行動分析学者が行う動物研究の話題を講演いただき、そのエッセンスと動物心理学のよい関係について議論したい。

(講演は日本語で行われます)

シンポジウム「水の中の知性ー水圏動物心理学の試みー」

日 時:2019年10月12日(土)17:10-18:50

場 所:2号館1階211

企画・司会 渡邉 茂 (慶應義塾大学)

講演者 村山 司 (東海大学)

高橋宏司 (慶應義塾大学)

渡邉 茂 (慶應義塾大学)

池田 譲 (琉球大学)

指定討論 中島定彦 (関西学院大学)

企画趣旨

動物心理学会での発表はほとんどが陸生動物の研究である。本シンポジウムは水棲動物に焦点をあて、その知的活動の多様性をさぐる。

(講演は日本語で行われます)

講演要旨

Tsukasa Murayama (Tokai University)

Dolphin intelligence

Dolphins dwell in groups in water bodies. They individually demonstrate a variety of complex social behaviors; such behaviors are thought to be the result of their intelligence. Although many approaches have been employed to elucidate mechanisms of dolphin cognition and recent scientific research has revealed dolphins' social behavior and remarkable cognitive abilities, the mechanisms underlying dolphins' cognition largely remain unknown. However, some characteristics of dolphin cognition are common to human cognition. As I have studied the vision and cognition of aquatic mammals, I intend on introducing a part of dolphins' cognition in the present paper. Further, I have particularly focused on the linguistic abilities of dolphins, that is, I investigated the establishment of spontaneous cross-modal stimulus equivalence and the mimicry of human speech sounds in beluga.

Kohji Takahashi (Keio University)

Learning psychology of fish and the applicability to fisheries science

As you know, fish is a vertebrate living underwater. Over half of all living vertebrate species are fish, and the ecology is various to adapt the environment. Some species of fish is also available for food of human, and thus they are closely related to human society. Common people have an image of fish being a primitive vertebrate and not-so-smart animal. However, many studies have shown that fish has a comparable cognitive ability to birds and mammals. This presentation introduces the superior cognition of fish through the learning psychology in fish. Also, the study using fisheries species shows the applicability of learning psychology to fisheries science.

Shigeru Watanabe (Keio University) and Kazutaka Shinoduka (Riken CBS)

Experimental analysis of spatial learning of Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica).

Fish have remarkable orientation and navigating abilities during migration. Among fish, eels have an outstanding migratory ability. Hatched eggs and larvae of Japanese eels were found in the western Mariana region. Thus, hatched larvae migrate to Japan, and adult eels swim thousands of kilometers back to the western Mariana region. Eels should have a high spatial cognition ability in nature, but their spatial cognition has never been examined in the laboratory. Here, we created a Morris maze-like apparatus for eels. Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica) were trained on a Morris-type spatial learning task. There were four tubes in a pool, but the eels could hide in only one of these. The position of the open tube was fixed and the eels learned the position, and maintained their performance when the pool was rotated to remove possible intra-maze cues. The eels could not maintain their performance in a dark room, suggesting spatial learning involved extra-maze visual cues.

Yuzuru Ikeda (Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus)

Cephalopod intelligence: a different evolutionary route to acquire megalobrain

Coleoid cephalopods (squids, cuttlefishes, and octopus) have been noted for their unique biological character such as sophisticated lens eyes similar to our own, and a large brain (megalobrain) that is relatively equivalent size to mammal’s and bird’s brains. Based on these anatomical characters, cephalopods exhibit some brainy behaviors like advanced learning and memory, or complicated communication mediated with the unique signals produced by their diverse skin colors. These facts have named cephalopods as intelligent invertebrates, “primate in ocean”. With these backgrounds, we have endeavored a question whey cephalopods have acquired intelligence and megalobrain, by investigating behaviors of squids, cuttlefishes and octopus that live in the tropical waters of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. These studies include social recognition, social system, body patterning for communication and emotion. In this presentation, I will briefly review the consequent of our studies. Future direction of cephalopod science will be also discussed.