Money you borrow that you have to pay back later. This is generally the last resort due to interest, which is money that you have to pay back IN ADDITION to the principal (original amount) in order to fully pay back the loan.
Interest is a percentage (decided by which organization you are borrowing from) of the principal (the original amount you borrowed). It usually is added on at a monthly rate (once per month).
For example:
Let's say you borrowed $5,000 (principal) at 6% interest rate. Assuming you don't do anything with it, after one month, the total becomes Principal + Interest.
5,000 + (5,000 x .06 = 300) = 5,300 after one month.
If you have someone who is more reputable, that interest is ONLY applied to the principal amount of the loan. This would become $5,600 after 2 months, NOT $5,618. This is something called simple interest.
There are other situations that change that, but for now, know that interest is going to be a factor with student loans.
Subsidized = Sweet (Interest is covered by government until you graduate)
Unsubsidized = Unsweet (Interest accrues from the point you take the loan out)
If you are going to take a loan out, aim for the subsidized ones first if at all possible.
What else you can do depends on your situation entirely.
Double check your FAFSA responses. Is your FAFSA 100% correct to your knowledge?
Is your award letter 100% correct?
Is there a circumstance that isn't reflected in your FAFSA (death of income provider, drastically lower income with a recent job change, etc.?) You might be able to file an appeal! Writing Financial Aid Appeal
Continue to look at scholarship resources both outside and within the institution you plan on enrolling into. SCHOLARSHIPS
Are you planning to work/able to work while you go to school? It wouldn't solve the immediate issue if you go with a Work Study (doesn't apply to first semester of your first year typically), but it would help with paying off the loan as you are going through school and potentially help with future semesters.
Do I automatically take out a loan by filling out my FAFSA?
No! You have to accept the loan at the institution you plan to enroll into in order to take it out.
Do I have to accept the loans for all my award letters immediately?
No! In fact, it is better to have a final decision first, then consider if the loan is needed or not.
Do I have to accept the entirety of the loan amount offered?
Not necessarily! If there isn't an option to change the amount, talk with the financial aid office at the college you are enrolling into in order to see if it would be possible to take out less
Does taking out a loan impact my other aid?
It is possible. Talk with the financial aid office at the institution you are enrolling into to see how taking out the loan would impact your financial aid.
I determined that I will need a loan after considering all options, what is the process?
You will need to accept the loan in your award letter. It is usually located in your student portal with one of the financial aid tabs.
Because it is the first loan you are taking through the institution, there will also usually be Entrance Counseling (education on taking the loan) and the signing of a Master Promissory Note (legal document you sign to say you will pay the loan back along with further details on the terms and conditions of the loan as well)- Both of those things (or other college versions of them) are REQUIRED in order to be able to take out and receive the loan.
Could I take out a loan from a source other than the federal government?
Theoretically, yes, you could. However, if you decide to go that route, do intensive research on the company and the loan conditions before agreeing to anything.
Some colleges do have other sources for taking a look at other loan lenders, however, it is still imperitive to learn as much as you can about what you are about to borrow before you borrow it.
I would consider this route as the absolute last resort behind taking out a federal loan.