1)in plant Particle Bombardment(iPB)法
We developed a novel technology, the iPB method, in collaboration with Kaneka Corporation, which enables genome editing across a wide range of crop species. The iPB method delivers genome-editing enzymes into the shoot apical meristem via gold particles. Therefore, genome editing can be performed directly on intact plants.
A major advantage of this approach is that it does not require cell culture, making genome editing possible even in many crop cultivars that have been difficult to regenerate in vitro. For example, in wheat, conventional technologies have limited genome editing to only a few overseas cultivars. In contrast, the iPB method can be applied to virtually all domestic cultivars. Furthermore, it has become evident that the iPB method is also applicable to fruit trees and vegetables, for which genome editing has previously been challenging.
私たちは,株式会社カネカと共同で広い範囲の作物種でゲノム編集を可能にする新技術iPB法を開発しました.iPB法は金粒子を介して,ゲノム編集酵素を茎頂組織にデリバリーします.したがって,植物体をそのままゲノム編集することができます.その大きなメリットは,細胞培養を必要としないため,これまでは培養が困難だった多くの作物品種においてもゲノム編集が可能になったことです.例えば,コムギにおいては,従来の技術ですと海外の一部の品種でしかゲノム編集はできませんでしたが,iPB法を用いると,国内のあらゆる品種に適用できます.また,これまでゲノム編集が困難だった果樹や野菜においてもiPB法が使えることがわかってきました.
The shoot apical meristem, located at the tip of a plant shoot, has a three-layered structure. The second cell layer from the top (L2 layer) differentiates into pollen and embryo sac cells during flower development.
Therefore, if genetic modifications are introduced into L2 cells, these changes can be transmitted to the next generation through seed formation.
In the iPB method, genome-editing enzymes are attached to gold particles and delivered into the shoot apical meristem at high velocity. The particles reach the L2 layer, where genome editing is induced, enabling the heritable transmission of the genetic modification.
植物の芽の先端にある茎頂と呼ばれる組織は,3層構造になっており,上から2層目の細胞層(L2細胞)が将来花が形成されるときに花粉や胚のう細胞に分化する.
したがってL2細胞に遺伝的な変化を与えれば,その変化は花の形成を通じて種子に遺伝する.
金粒子にゲノム編集酵素を付着させ,高速で茎頂組織に打ち込むと,L2細胞に達して,そこでゲノム編集を起こすことができる.
Crops Applicable to the iPB Method
3)イネにおける低温ストレスシグナル伝達機構の解明
4)植物におけるトレハロースの分子機能解明