Gramatik

IV. THE NUMERAL.

§ 13. Cardinal Numbers [which answer the question kuant? how many?] are either roots, e. g. 1 un, 2 du, 3 tri, 10 des, or compound words, e. g. 20 du-des, 34 tri-des-kuatr.

The following are roots: 1 un, 2 du, 3 tri, 4 kuatr, 5 kuink, 6 seks, 7 sept, 8 okt, 9 nov, 0 nul, 10 des, 100 sent, 1,000 mil, 1,000,000 milion, 1,000,000,000 bilion, 1,000,000,000,000 trilion, 1,000,000,000,000,000 kuadrilion, 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 kuintilion. The rest are formed from these by composition, des with other numerals being always combined into one word, sent, on the contrary, only when another numeral precedes; the higher numerals, mil, million, billion, etc., always stand alone, e. g.

§ 14. The ordinal numbers [which answer the question kuantim? which of the number? what number? which? What? (what-th, if there were such word)] are formed from the cardinal numbers by the addition of the suffix –im to the respective cardinal number, and to the last word of the cardinal, e. g. 1. unim first, 2. duim second, 7. septim seventh, 30. tridesimthirtieth, 100. sentim hundredth, 120. sent dudesim hundred and twentieth, 325. trisent dudeskuinkim three hundred and twenty-fifth, 1000. milim thousandth, etc., but it is allowed to use instead of the derived forms the following seven well-known roots: 1. prim first, 2. sekund second, 3. ters third, 4. kuart fourth, 5. kuint fifth, 6. sekst sixth, and 8. oktav eighth. –It is also permitted to use the cardinals instead of the ordinals, if the sense shows that there is no question of a cardinal; but in this case the cardinal must occupy the same sense in the sentence that the ordinal would, if it were used, namely after the substantive (see below, § 19), e. g. § des § 10, pagin trisent dudeskuink page 325. (r. 81).

§ 15. Multiplicatives [which answer the question kuantupl? how many fold?] are formed by the addition of the suffix -upl to the respective cardinal number, and to the last word of the cardinal, e.g. 1. unupl simple, 2. duupl double, twofold, 3. triupl three-fold, triple, treble, 105. sent kuinkupl hundred and fivefold, etc., but it is allowed to use instead of the derived forms the following three well-known roots: 1. simpl simple, 2. dupl double, twofold, 3. tripl threefold, triple, treble. (r. 82).

Remark. The suffix -upl is used also with the word mult many: multupl manifold, multiple. (r. 82).

§ 16. The distributives [which answer the question a kuant? how many apiece? each how many? by how many?] are formed by placing the preposition a before the respective cardinal number, e.g. a un one apiece, one each, one by one, a du two apiece, two each, two by two, etc. (c. 20/28, 42/44).

§ 17. The iteratives [which answer the question kuantfoa? how many times? and kuantimfoa? for the which time? for the what (what-th; see § 14) time? for the how many-th (?) time?] are formed by the addition of the suffix -foa to the respective cardinal or ordinal, and to the last word of the cardinal or ordinal, e.g. 1. unfoa once, 2. dufoa twice, 100. sentfoaa hundred times, 1. primfoa for the first time, 139. sent tridesnovimfoa for the one hundred and thirty-ninth time, etc. (r. 83).

Remark. The suffix -foa can be used also with other parts of speech, e.g. multfoa many times, ultimfoa for the last time, etc. (r. 83).

§ 18. Fractions are formed by a cardinal (for the numerator) with an ordinal (for the denominator) following it, e.g. ½ un sekund or un demi, 2/3 du tersi, 0.2 du desimi, 0.03 tri sentimi, 2/109 du unsent novimi, 0.007 sept milimi. If a fraction is used with a whole number, the fraction is joined to the whole number by the conjunction e, e.g. 3 ¼ tri e un kuart, π = 3.14159.... = tri totali e un kuatr un kuink nov e s., 0.145... nul totali e un kuatr kuink e s. (r. 85).

§ 19. Cardinal numbers and fractions always precede the substantive to which they belong, e.g. du kavali two horses, tri kuarti metr ¾ meter; — the remaining numerals always follow the substantive or verb to which they belong, e.g. paragraf sekund § 2, plesir dupl double pleasure, noi andav a du we went by twos, mi klamav trifoa I shouted three times. (r. 84).

§ 20. Numeral adverbs are formed by adding the adverbial suffix -e to the respective ordinal, e.g. 1. prime first, 2. sekunde secondly, etc. (c. 29/33).

§ 21. Numeral verbs are formed by the addition of the suffix -ifikar to multiplicatives, e.g. simplifikar to simplify, duplifikar to double, etc. (r. 52).

§ 22. Dating takes place in the following manner: in diurn tridesim de mens yuli de anu mil novsentim po nat de Krist, which, by the omission of the words printed in ordinary roman, and even of the word in, is usually shortened to: tridesim yuli, mil novsent 30 July, 1900.

The twelve months of the year are called: yanuar, februar, mars, april, mai, yuni, yuli, august, septembr, oktobr, novembr, desembr.

The seven days of the week are called: lundi, marsdi, merkurdi, yovdi, vendrdi, saturndi. (r. 100).

§ 23. The time of day is expressed in the following manner: [it es] hor tri e un kuart, it is quarter after three o'clock; hor tri e des minuti, ten minutes after three; hor tri e kuinkdeskuatr [minuti], six minutes to four; in hor septim de matin, between six and seven o'clock in the morning.