Research over the past decades has helped us better understand what second language (L2) listening entails. While most studies have focused on how individual factors influenced listening, some have examined the relative importance of various factors in producing comprehension. This talk explains a model of L2 listening that consists of interdependent components of factors, processes and outcomes that work together to influence learner listening and listening development (Goh & Vandergrift, 2022). It will highlight the role of learner metacognition in the teaching and learning of L2 listening and suggest ways of designing listening tasks that harness learners’ metacognition to contribute to better performance, motivation and self-efficacy. It is hoped that the talk can lead to participants’ further consideration of how teaching and research can be done effectively in different instructional contexts.
Christine C. M. Goh is President’s Chair Professor in Education (Linguistics & Language Education) at the National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University Singapore. She holds a Ph.D. in Linguistics from Lancaster University and is an accomplished teacher educator, researcher and author with a strong interest in language learners’ oracy development and metacognition. Her work is characterised by a clear research/theory – practice nexus. Christine has published more than 100 articles in refereed books and academic journals and spoken at numerous international platforms. Her recent book publications are Second Language Oracy Development for Young Learners: Listening, Speaking and Thinking (2026, co-edited with Robbie L. Sabnani and Willy Renandya, Springer), the second edition of Teaching and Learning Second Language Listening: Metacognition in Action (2022, with Larry Vandergrift, Routledge) and Confident Speaking: Theory, Practice and Teacher Inquiry (2024, with Xuelin Liu, Routledge). The latter is a follow-up of Teaching Speaking: A Holistic Approach (2012, with Anne Burns, Cambridge University Press).