Events

Virtual Book Launch:

Court-Supervised Restructuring of Large Distressed Companies in Asia   [access to the book]

About the book:

This book provides an in-depth analysis of four economically significant Asian jurisdictions: Mainland China, India, Hong Kong and Singapore. These jurisdictions have recently either reformed – or are considering reforming – their corporate restructuring laws to promote regimes conducive to restructuring financially distressed, but otherwise economically viable, companies. Mainland China, India, Hong Kong and Singapore continue to adhere to a framework that requires the court’s final approval but draw references from Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code 1978 in the United States and/or the schemes of arrangement in the United Kingdom. However, the institutional and market structures are very different in Asia; in particular, Asia has a far higher concentration in shareholdings among listed firms, including holdings by families and the state, and a different composition of creditors. The book explains how, notwithstanding the legal transplantation, corporate restructuring laws in these Asian jurisdictions have adapted and evolved due to the frictions in shareholder-creditor and creditor-creditor relationships, and the role of the state in resolving non-performing loans and financial distress of state-owned enterprises which are listed, or which issue public debt.

Discussants

Dr. Andrew Godwin is a Principal Fellow at Melbourne Law School and Honorary Associate Director (Commercial Law) of the Asian Law Centre. He is also Special Counsel at the Australian Law Reform Commission and a member of the Advisory Board of the Asian Business Law Institute in Singapore.

Prof. Jingchen Zhao is a Professor of Law and Co-director of the Centre for Business and Insolvency Law at Nottingham Law School. He is the Grant Champion for the Law School.

Date: 5 August 2022 (Friday)

Time: 16:00 – 17:15 HKT (18:00 – 19:15 AEST; 9:00 – 10:15 BST) Language: English

Format: Real-time seminar via Zoom

Zoom Meeting Link: https://cityu.zoom.us/j/95460551614 

For enquiries and further details about this book launch, please email to lwrccl@cityu.edu.hk. 

Academic RoundTable: Insolvency Law and Policy in Times of COVID-19 and Beyond

Date: 29 March 2022

Time: 16:00 – 20:00 (GMT+8) (Oxford Time: 9:00 - 13:00)

Venue: Conducted via Zoom

Convenor: Wai Yee Wan, Core Member of CCCL, CityU

Organizer: CCCL, Asian Business Law Institute (ABLI)

1) How do debtor-friendly bankruptcy reforms affect corporate debt?

2) Governmental Responses to Mitigate the Impact of COVID-19 on Small and Medium Sized Enterprises: The Case for a Simplified Insolvency Regime in Hong Kong

3) A Tale of Two Financial Hubs: How Enforcing Directors’ Accountability Matter for Corporate Restructuring Laws 

Download the Roundtable Proceedings - Summary [PDF]

CityU Law 35th Anniversary Public Lecture Series

10 March 2022 (Thursday) 5:30pm – 6:40pm in English

Governmental Responses to Mitigate the Impact of COVID-19 on Small and Medium Sized Enterprises: the case for a Simplified Insolvency Regime in Hong Kong

Abstract

The COVID-19 crisis has triggered unprecedented governmental responses around the world to mitigate the effects of the pandemic. Particular attention has been placed on small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) due to their vulnerability in the crisis and the impact of their wide-spread failure on societies. These measures can be broadly divided into three categories, some of which may be targeted at SMEs: economic measures in the form of direct subsidies or loans guaranteed by the governments, insolvency and restructuring law reforms and mandatory modification of contractual obligations to relieve performance.

Unlike many of the other advanced economies, Hong Kong has only concentrated its responses on economic measures, in the form of the Anti-epidemic fund that provides employment payouts and other subsidies to affected industries and a government-guaranteed loan scheme. Using new survey data on SMEs in Hong Kong, the talk provides evidence that financially fragile SMEs, which have challenges in obtaining bank financing during the crisis, are more likely to be unable to turn to informal trade credit and more importantly, to be unable to access economic measures under the Anti-epidemic fund, with the effect being more pronounced for obtaining the guaranteed loans. This study explains the implications of the findings on why a simplified insolvency regime for SMEs is necessary to address the gap.

SME Survey Symposium

Survey Findings Release

Roundtable Discussion

[Business and Law Joint Seminar Series 2021] The Agency Costs of Shareholder-Creditor Relationships in Restructuring of Large Asian Companies in Financial Distress

Date: November 4, 2021

Time: 10:00-11:20 am

Venue: 

Room 11-210, 11/F, Lau Ming Wai Academic Building, City University of Hong Kong

Zoom Meeting

Zoom Meeting: https://cityu.zoom.us/j/99860194870

Meeting ID: 998 6019 4870

Abstract:

It is widely accepted that the goal of restructuring law for companies in financial distress is to minimise the agency costs of restructurings, which arise due to frictions from the relationships among the various stakeholders. In the last two decades, several jurisdictions around the world have reformed or are considering reforming their insolvency and restructuring laws in order to promote legal regimes that are conducive to restructuring of economically viable companies but in financial distress. Many jurisdictions, including significant economies in Asia, have court-supervised restructuring frameworks that are drawn from the United States (US) Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code and/or the United Kingdom (UK) schemes of arrangement. In 2020, the UK has also amended its insolvency framework to allow a restructuring plan that is modelled on Chapter 11 but with modifications.

Using the case studies of four Asian jurisdictions, Mainland China, India, Hong Kong and Singapore, which have transplanted to various extends the US-/UK-style systems, I address the broader issue is whether transplantation is appropriate given the inherent agency costs that arise in the various stakeholder relationships are not identical to the US/UK. In particular, I examine the implications of the different share ownership structures on the design of insolvency and restructuring laws. Concentrated shareholdings in Asian companies are far more prevalent in the hands of families or the state.  In comparison, in US/UK, the ownership structures of large companies undergoing restructuring have been dispersed, though recent restructurings are increasingly dominated by firms which have private equity ownership.

In this talk, I focus on how the US/UK insolvency and restructuring regimes address the agency costs posed by their ownership structures and how these strategies have severe limitations in the context of Asian companies, where management is often either appointed by the controlling shareholders (and may not act in the creditors’ interests) or is not incentivised to share information with the creditors or insolvency practitioners. Yet to exclude controlling shareholders from the process is often not optimal since they can be vital to the success of the restructuring such as where they are significant creditors or provide financing or support, notwithstanding they may have been responsible for the debtor’s state of affairs. I argue that any transplantation or reform of insolvency and restructuring laws must take into account the impact of the differences in shareholding structures.

Closing Ceremony and Talk for SME Owners and Entrepreneurs organised by Junior Chamber International Hong Kong (JCI) Apex 

(晉峰青年商會《企業杏林.初創Go飛》閉幕禮暨八月份月會 )

Date: August 8, 2021

Time: 2:00pm - 5:00pm 

Venue: Royal Pacific Hotel, 33 Canton Road, Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong

About: As one of the collaborating trade associations, JCI Apex has invited Professor Wan as one of its guest speakers to introduce the Project and Surveys for SMEs that the team has designed to its members. Responses will be collected from local business owners and entrepreneurs at the event in real time to gain accurate data that could ultimately assist the team to form tailed law recommendations.