week 5

logic gates simulator OR & AND gates

During the fifth week, I designed the OR and AND gate circuits. I focused on verifying the logic and selecting the appropriate components for proper operation. The circuit connections and used components are illustrated in the attached figures.

I also used the TINKERCAD online simulator to draw and test the circuits before implementing them in hardware. This helped ensure the circuits worked correctly and reduced potential errors during the physical design.

So first let`s start with the AND gate

I used the Falstad website (Circuit Simulator), which allows us to simulate and design the circuit virtually instead of building it directly in hardware. This helps us verify whether the circuit will function correctly before real implementation.

Using this tool, we can adjust the voltage, current, resistor values, and other components as needed. It provides a flexible environment to test different configurations and ensure the circuit operates properly. The website link is provided .

As you can clearly see in the figure, this is the logic design of an AND gate circuit. We will attempt to implement this circuit in real hardware. As shown, the required components include resistors of values 10 kΩ, 220 Ω, 5 kΩ, and 450 Ω, three LEDs, two transistors, and a 9V battery.

https://www.falstad.com/circuit/

As you can see in the figure, all components are clearly illustrated as if the circuit is being built in real hardware. This realistic view helps avoid confusion in the wiring and makes the connections much easier to follow. Since the design is arranged like a technical kit on a real breadboard, the physical implementation becomes straightforward and organized.

I will now leave the website link for your reference.

Since we have confirmed that the circuit works correctly in the simulation, I then used another platform, Tinkercad, to design the circuit in a more realistic environment. This website allows us to work with a virtual breadboard and real-looking components that closely match the actual hardware.

Through Tinkercad, we can place all components, connect the wires, and build the circuit exactly as we would on a real breadboard. This step helps visualize the physical implementation and ensures the wiring is correct before assembling the circuit in real life

https://www.tinkercad.com/login?next=%2Fthings%2FfM7yWNFKcll%2Feditel%3FreturnTo%3D%252Fdashboard

The circuit operation is clearly illustrated through the provided images and videos, showing how the circuit works step by step. In addition, I will include a separate figure that highlights all the components used in the design, giving a complete overview of the hardware setup and required parts.

These materials are shown below the figure. I used a 9V battery and a breadboard, along with three LEDs of different colors—this helps make the colors distinguishable in the video. I used 220 Ω resistors and a 10 kΩ resistor. Since a 450 Ω resistor was not available, I used the next closest value, which is 330 Ω. I also used two BC547 transistors, two switches, a 5 kΩ resistor, and the wires needed to connect the circuit.

Of course, the video in front of you shows how the circuit works. When we press the first switch, only one LED lights up, and when we press both switches together, all three LEDs light up simultaneously.

So now, the documentation is complete. I have explained all the details, listed all the websites I used, and shown every component involved. The final result is presented clearly, including the circuit connections and the expected output, demonstrating the complete functioning of the circuit.

Snapchat-954195851.mp4

Now let`2 continue with the OR gate

Okay, now, just like we did with the AND gate circuit, we will follow the same steps for the OR gate circuit. The first step is to use the Falstad website to design the circuit virtually on our computer, using the same component values. I used the same resistors, the same 9V battery, the same transistors, and all other components—the only difference is the wiring connections. As you can see in the picture in front of you, the wiring is completely different from the AND gate circuit.

Now, if you try it with me on the Falstad website, you’ll see that the circuit diagram I provided actually works. Next, we will go to the Tinkercad website, just like we did with the AND gate. Tinkercad shows all the components as they would appear in real life, including all the wiring.

The picture in front of you illustrates the Tinkercad layout and simulation, showing the complete connections. Of course, you should first try the connections yourself on Falstad—the basic diagram—then compare it with the layout I created in Tinkercad to see how it will look in real life.

Now that we have tested everything on Tinkercad and confirmed that it works, we will start testing the circuit in real life. I will provide images and a video showing the physical connections and how the OR gate circuit operates with all the components we used. It is shown in the Falstad circuit simulator diagram that the OR gate uses the same components we used for the AND gate. We will use the same components in the OR gate diagram.

Of course, the video in front of you shows how the OR gate circuit works. When we press the first switch, two LEDs should light up, and when we press both switches together, all three LEDs should light up.

20260223_155017.mp4

https://www.falstad.com/circuit/

https://www.tinkercad.com/login?next=%2Fthings%2FfM7yWNFKcll%2Feditel%3FreturnTo%3D%252Fdashboard

So now, we have completed the connections for both the OR and AND gate circuits. I have provided all the links you need, whether for Tinkercad or Falstad, so you can use them to simulate and test the circuits in the program before building them in real life. This step is essential because, of course, we don’t want any components to burn out—trust me, I’ve experienced it, and it’s not fun, and the smell is definitely unpleasant too.

Thank you!

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