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International agreements are focused on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and confronting climate change:
KYOTO PROTOCOL
KYOTO PROTOCOL
signed in 1997 in Kyoto Japan, was the primary mechanism through which the global community took steps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
The Kyoto Protocol has been superseded by the Paris Agreement that was achieved in December 2015.
The Kyoto Protocol implemented the objective of the UNFCCC to reduce the onset of global warming by reducing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere to "a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.
The Kyoto Protocol applies to the six greenhouse gases which are Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous oxide (N2O), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).
Under the Protocol, each industrialized country set a binding greenhouse gas emission target to reduce emissions below 1990 levels by 2012. These targets are different for each country.
Paris Agreement
Paris Agreement
The Paris Agreement is an agreement within the (UNFCCC), dealing with greenhouse-gas-emissions mitigation, adaptation, and finance, starting in the year 2020.
The agreement's language was negotiated by representatives of 196 state parties at the 21st Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC near Paris, France, and adopted by consensus on 12 December 2015.
As of November 2018, 195 UNFCCC members have signed the agreement, and 184 have become party to it.
The Paris Agreement's long-term goal is to keep the increase in global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels; and to limit the increase to 1.5 °C, since this would substantially reduce the risks and effects of climate change.
The parties have met annually from 1995 in Conferences of the Parties (COP)to assess progress in dealing with climate change.
The COP events aim to gain consensus through meetings and discussion of various strategies.
UNFCCC
UNFCCC
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is an international environmental treaty produced at the UN Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992.
The objective of the treaty is to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere.
The countries involved are known as parties to the treaty. As of 2014, UNFCCC had 195 parties.
Parties to UNFCCC are classified as:
Annex I countries – industrialized countries and economies in transition
Annex II countries – developed countries which pay for costs of developing countries
Developing countries
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