4.4.1 observe the behaviour of discrete electronic components in a d.c. electronic circuit.
Behaviour of discrete electronic components: resistor, capacitor and inductor – in a d.c and electronic circuits.
Connect a simple electronic circuit comprising a d.c. source, a resistor and a Light Emitting Diode (LED) in series.
observe the behaviour of the LED when:
1. the switch is closed
2. switch is opened
3. resistor is replaced with capacitor.
4. capacitor is replaced with inductor or coil.
Repeat the experiment by replacing the d.c. source with a 12V a.c. source.
PROJECT:
Design and construct an electronic mosquito repellant using the capacitor, inductor and transistor arrangement.
Compare the behaviour of an LED when a capacitor is in a d.c or a.c electronic circuit.
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5.1.1 define basic ecological terms.
Basic biological terms: Ecology, Species, population, community, ecosystem, ecosphere.
Brainstorm to bring out the meaning of the ecological terms: species, population, community, ecosystem, ecosphere.
5.1.2 classify ecosystems and identify their components.
Types of ecosystem and components.
Natural: fresh water, marine, estuarine, lake, rainforest, savanna and desert
Artificial: farmland, man-made lakes, roads.
Components of ecosystem:
Biotic/living component including plants and animals.
Abiotic / non-living component including soil, air and water.
Ecological factors:
Biotic - predation, competition. Abiotic – climatic (rainfall, humidity, temperature) salinity, altitude, slope of land etc.
Classify the various ecosystems: terrestrial, fresh water, marine etc.
Identify the components of an ecosystem and discuss how they affect each other.
Classify ecological factors into biotic and abiotic and show how they affect the distribution, abundance and development of plants and animals (humans).
Discuss appropriate instruments used to measure abiotic factors.
5.1.3 explain food chain and food web and identify the components.
Explain and describe food chain and food web and identify the components:
1. Producers (green plants).
2. Primary consumers (plant eaters or herbivores)
3. Secondary consumers (flesh eaters/ carnivores).
NOTE: Mention should be made of prey and predator relationship
2. Omnivores are grouped with primary and secondary consumers
3. Decomposers/detritivores must be mentioned as indispensable in an ecosystem.
FIELD TRIP:
Students to visit natural habitat or relevant eco-centres e.g. National Parks.
Show how efficient the energy transfer between producers and
consumers is
Draw a simple food chain in a named ecosystem.
Use the following organisms to construct a food web; green grass, lizard, hawk, locust, butterfly, frog, tiger and antelope.
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5.2.1 identify the various layers of the atmosphere.
Layers of the atmosphere: Troposphere, stratosphere,
mesosphere and thermosphere/ionosphere.
Brainstorm to bring out the layers of the atmosphere
Describe the characteristics of troposphere and stratosphere in terms of thickness, temperature, air quality and composition, pressure and support for human activities.
Differentiate between the troposphere and stratosphere in terms of the following: temperature, air composition and pressure.
5.2.2 outline the effects of human activities on the atmosphere.
Gather information from the internet and scientific journals on the effects of human activities on the atmosphere i.e. air transport, defense, industrialization, agriculture etc.
5.2.3 describe the major pollutants of the atmosphere and their effects.
Discuss the sources and the effects of the following pollutants: Oxides of lead (PbO), nitrogen (NO2) and sulphur (SO2 and SO3); ozone, halons/freons (carbon and halogen compounds or CFCs).
5.2.4 explain Greenhouse effect on climate change.
Give examples of Greenhouse gases e.g. Carbon (IV) oxide, methane.
Discuss what a “greenhouse‟‟ is and its effect: Global warming and climate change.
Outline five effects of climate change on biodiversity resources.
5.2.5 explain the causes and effects of the depletion of the ozone layer.
Desertification, drought
Melting of ice and polar ice caps, rising sea levels
Increase in number and intensity of hurricanes (cyclones), effects on biodiversity resources, etc.
Discuss possible factors to address the problem of global warming.
PROJECT:
Students to interview people in the community to find out and report on climate change in the community over the past thirty to fifty years and its effect on the community.
Mention two effects of the supersonic air transport on the ozone layer.
5.2.6 explain the causes and effects of acid rain.
Acid rain and its effects:
Damage to buildings, paints and forests.
Identify acidic pollutants which cause acid rain.
discuss the effects of acid rain the environment
(damage to buildings, forests etc)
Mention three examples of acidic pollutants and how they affect forests and buildings.
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5.3.1 describe the causes of diseases.
Pathogenic: bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa.
Non-pathogenic: nutritional, genetic, stress.
discuss the causes of pathogenic diseases under the following: headings: bacteria, virus, fungi and protozoa.
describe the causes of non-pathogenic diseases under the following headings: poor nutrition, genetic, stress conditions poor sanitation etc.
5.3.2 describe the modes of transmission, symptoms and modes of control of common diseases.
Symptoms and modes of control of diseases which are:
Air borne, Water related, Insect borne (vectors), Food contaminated (food poisoning), Nutrition related, Sexually transmitted, Communicable, Zoonotic diseases.
discuss modes of transmission, symptoms, method of prevention and control of at least two examples of pathogenic and nonpathogenic diseases.
Give one example each of the diseases mentioned under the content, their modes of transmission, symptoms and method of control.
NOTE:
Detailed treatment of individual diseases not needed.
Discuss the courses, symptoms, mode of transmission, prevention and control of the following common diseases: anthrax, Newcastle, avian flu, CSM and rickettia.