Target populations are a sub-set of People in Need and represent the number of people humanitarian actors aim or plan to assist. It is a projected number typically smaller than the number of People in Need and is usually defined once there is some idea of available resources and access constraints.[1]
Number of beneficiaries that the FSC partners aim to assist through their activities which contribute to a specific objective. Targets are defined by multiple variables including food security vulnerability, available resources, security and operational access, etc. FSC targets should be determined through a multi-stakeholder approach including FSC partners, the government, and donors. It is important to note that targets may differ from the people in need and the affected population figures. In countries where there is an IPC[2] it should be used as the basis for calculating targets. Otherwise, CARI or different indicators could be used.
The 3PA is an integrated analytical and consultative process that through an Integrated Context Analysis (ICA) spatially positions and aligns preparedness with early warning, safety nets, and DRR strategies at national level, anticipating where risk to natural shock is heightened; this is followed by Seasonal Livelihood Programming (SLP) consultations at sub-national level, in which the integrated programme strategies from an ICA are populated with multi-sectoral complementary programme responses using temporal, livelihood, and gender lenses; and lastly the 3PA includes community-based participatory planning (CBPP) with affected populations as primary contributors to developing and implementing their own preparedness, risk reduction, and resilience building plans. 3PA is also used to anticipate and inform preparedness and response.[3]
Highly contagious epidemic diseases that can spread extremely rapidly, irrespective of national borders. They cause high rates of death and disease in animals, thereby having serious socio-economic and sometimes public health consequences while constituting a constant threat to the livelihoods of livestock farmers.[4]
A transfer modality is the way in which assistance is transferred to targeted beneficiaries. Modalities include in-kind food and agricultural inputs, vouchers and/or cash. A transfer modality is a means; it is neither a project nor an objective per se.[5]
Enables people, organizations, and systems to manage the underlying causes of vulnerabilities, stressors and change. Aims for fundamental change in the conception and implementation of development pathways, political/power structures and economic status of people. Enables structural changes towards resilient and sustainable livelihoods. Examples: Supporting initiatives to enhance skills development for disadvantaged groups; Supporting women’s economic, social empowerment through supporting them in livestock rearing.[6]
Transitory food insecurity is short-term and temporary and occurs when there is a sudden drop in the ability to produce or access enough food to maintain a good nutritional status. Transitory food insecurity results from short-term shocks and fluctuations in food availability and food access, including year-to-year variations in domestic food production, food prices and household incomes.[7]
[1]“IASC IMWG: Humanitarian Population Figures” available at http://fscluster.org/sites/default/files/documents/humanitarianprofilesupportguidance_final_may2016.pdf
[2]http://www.ipcinfo.org/ipcinfo-detail-forms/ipcinfo-news-detail/ar/c/412110/
[3]https://www.wfp.org/content/2017-three-pronged-approach-3pa-factsheet
[4]http://www.fao.org/emergencies/emergency-types/transboundary-animal-diseases/en/
[5]http://documents.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/newsroom/wfp274576.pdf
[6]GIZ, Boosting resilience in fragile contexts (2016)
[7]Source: An Introduction to the Basic Concepts of Food Security available at http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/al936e/al936e00.pdf