Database which aids in the tracking of humanitarian focused activities by partner and across the different parts of the country. The ‘Ws’ in the definition commonly refer to information on WHO does WHAT, WHERE (3Ws), WHEN (4Ws), and to WHOM (5Ws).
People who are affected, either directly or indirectly, by a hazardous event. Directly affected are those who have suffered injury, illness or other health effects; who were evacuated, displaced, relocated or have suffered direct damage to their livelihoods, economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets. Indirectly affected are people who have suffered consequences, other than or in addition to direct effects, over time, due to disruption or changes in economy, critical infrastructure, basic services, commerce or work, or social, health and psychological consequences.
Annotation: People can be affected directly or indirectly. Affected people may experience short-term or long-term consequences to their lives, livelihoods or health and to their economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets. In addition, people who are missing or dead may be considered as directly affected.
Absorptive capacities refer to coping skills enabling individuals, households, communities or states to deal with or moderate adverse effects of shocks. This generally includes human, financial, social, and natural capital. In food and nutrition security, this could be the availability of financial resources to buy nutritious food even under drought conditions. It could, however, also refer to negative coping capacities jeopardizing future development opportunities, such as reducing food intake or selling productive assets in order to buy food. In the short-term, even negative coping capacities may contribute to stability, such as relatively stable food intake.[1]
A people-centred and rights-based framework that is concerned with respecting the rights, dignity and safety of people affected by disaster and conflict. Affected men, women, boys and girls have a basic right to participate in the decisions related to the humanitarian food and agriculture assistance and resilience building efforts, to be provided with mechanisms to provide feedback, to receive information to make informed decisions. This involves the documentation and inclusion of sex- and age-disaggregated data, regular and adequate information sharing with international and national partners, as well as government and civil society actors, a user-friendly language, availability and access to complaint mechanisms and referral systems (e.g. inter-agency hotline). AAP is an active commitment to use power responsibly by being held to account by the people humanitarian organisations seek to assist. Listen and respond efficiently, timely and adequately to the needs of the affected populations.[2]
An action or transfer of goods/services to targeted individuals or households to address their food insecurity situation and increase their resilience in the face of disasters and conflicts. Examples of activities implemented by partners include general food distribution or livestock vaccinations. FSC partners should report regularly on planned and actual activity information to the country level FSC.
Acute malnutrition, also known as wasting, develops as a result of recent rapid weight loss or a failure to gain weight. In children, it is assessed through the nutritional index of weight-for-height z-score (WFZ) or mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Acute malnutrition is also assessed using the clinical signs of visible wasting and nutritional oedema. In adults, wasting is assessed through MUAC or Body Mass Index (BMI). In pregnant and lactating women (PLW), wasting can be assessed through MUAC. The degree of acute malnutrition of an individual is classified as either moderate (MAM) or severe (SAM) according to specific cut-offs and reference standards. At the population level, acute malnutrition is categorized in three ways: Global acute malnutrition (GAM), Moderate acute malnutrition (MAM), Severe acute malnutrition (SAM).[3]
Enables people and systems to adjust and manage impacts of long-term trends and change. Enables progressive and gradual change in the structure of people’s livelihoods. Examples: Diversifying income sources; Enhancing access to and quality of health infrastructure; Enhancing access to and quality of education.[4]
An adequate ration meets the population’s minimum energy, protein, fat and micronutrient requirements in emergency situations where the population is dependent on food assistance. The initial energy requirement used to design rations in emergencies is 2,100 kilocalories per person per day, which can then be adjusted to the changing local situation. The rations should be culturally acceptable and appropriate for all population subgroups (such as infants and young children).[5]
Territorial units in which a country is subdivided for mapping purposes; administration levels may correspond to administrative country divisions. Administration Level 0 are the boundaries of the country, administration level 1 is the first level of subdivision of the country (e.g. regions), administration level 2 is the next lower one (e.g. provinces) and administration level 3 is the last lower one (e.g. communities/municipalities). The country sub-divisions can vary. Some countries have an administration 4 level.
Agriculture is the human activity of man for the production of food, fibre, fuel, etc. by the optimum use of terrestrial resources i.e. land and water. Livestock rearing (including fisheries) may also be included in this definition. According to the FAO constitution the term «agriculture» and its derivatives include fisheries, marine products, forestry and primary forestry products.[6]
The Agriculture Orientation Index (AOI) for credit normalizes the share of credit to agriculture (C2A share) by taking into account the economic contribution of the sector. As such, it can provide a more accurate measure of the relative importance commercial banks place on financing this sector. The AOI is the ratio of the C2A share over the Agriculture share of GDP. An AOI less than 1 indicates that the agriculture sector receives a credit share less than its economic contribution, while an AOI greater than 1 indicates a credit share to the agriculture sector greater than its economic contribution. Access to credit enables farmers to purchase inputs, such as feed, seed and machinery without referring to personal savings, borrowing from relatives, friends or through high interest loans from informal lenders. The absence of credit is particularly problematic for farmers who face a time lag between income spent in sowing crops and raising livestock, and realizing income from post-harvest and livestock sales.[7]
Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms in both coastal and inland areas involving interventions in the rearing process to enhance production. It is probably the fastest growing food-producing sector and now accounts for 50 percent of the world’s fish that is used for food.[8]
The process of establishing (i) the impact of a disaster or conflict on a society; (ii) the priority needs and risks faced by those affected by disaster; (iii) the available capacity to respond, including coping mechanisms of the affected population; (iv) the most appropriate forms of response given the needs, risks and capacities; and (v) the possibilities for facilitating and expediting recovery and development. An appropriate response depends on an understanding of the political, social and economic context within which aid is to be provided. It also depends on adequate evidence of needs and risk factors, including information derived from consultation with those affected by disaster.[9]
[1]https://www.snrd-africa.net/building-resilience-are-we-making-progress/
[2]For a more detailed description please refer to http://www.chsalliance.org/
[3]Nutrition Glossary, UNICEF available at https://www.unicef.org/lac/Nutrition_Glossary_(3).pdf
[4]GIZ, Boosting Resilience in Fragile Contexts (2016)
[5]Source: Nutrition Glossary, UNICEF available at https://www.unicef.org/lac/Nutrition_Glossary_(3).pdf
[6]“Basic Texts of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations” available at http://www.fao.org/3/a-mp046e.pdf
[7]For a more detailed description please refer to http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/investment/credit/en/
[8]For a more detailed description please refer to http://www.fao.org/aquaculture/en/
[9]Please see SPHERE Glossary https://spherestandards.org/wp-content/uploads/Sphere-Glossary-2018.pdf