Diagnosis

& Clinical Course

Diagnóstico & Percurso Clínico

Keywords: Abbott RealTime, ACE2, Acute kidney injury (AKI), Ambulatory management, Anosmia, Antibodies, Anti-C5a antibody, Biomarkers, Blood exams, Blood routines, Cardiac injury, Cardiovascular implications, Cardiovascular system, Clinical characteristics, Computer audition, Convalescent patients, CRISPR, Critically ill, Citokyne storm, Deep Learning, Detection, DETECTR, Diagnosis, Diagnostics, Discharge criteria, Dysgeusia, ELISAs, Endothelial cell infection, Endotheliitis, Exams, False negatives, False positives, Flow cytometry, Gastrointestinal symptoms, Heat inactivation, Human plasma/serum, Hyposmia, ID NOW, IgA, IgG, IgM, Imaging, Immunoanalysis, Induced sputum, Inflammatory monocytes, Kidney dysfunctions, Lessons from Wuhan, Liver dysfunction, Lung ultrasonography, MASP-2-mediated complement over-activation, Molecular diagnosis, MRI, Myelitis, Myocarditis, NF-kB repressor, NKRF, nsp9, nsp10, Nucleocapsid protein, Ocular findings, Oligonucleotide probes, Overexuberant host inflammatory response, Pathogenesis, PCR, Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs), Pluripotent stem cells, Proteome microarray, Proteomic survey, Qualitative RT-PCR, Quality control, Rapid viral diagnosis, RdRp, RdRp/N genes, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, RT-PCR, RTX, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, Serological assays, Seroprevalence, Speech & sound analysis, Strong IL-8/IL-6 mediated chemotaxis of neutrophils, Target-specific fluorescence, Tests, Thermostable reverse transcriptase, Throat swabs, Types of specimens, Virus-host interactome, Viral load, Zopiclone.
Palavras-chave: Abbott RealTime, ACE2, Amostras da garganta, Análise de fala & som, Anti-C5a, Anticorpos SARS-CoV-2, Anosmia, Audição computadorizada, Biomarcadores, Características clínicas, Características oculares, Carga viral, Células-tronco pluripotentes, Células mononucleares do sangue periférico (CMSPs), Citometria de fluxo, Controle de qualidade, Convalescentes, CRISPR, Critérios de alta, Deep Learning, Detecção, DETECTR, Diagnóstico, Diagnóstico molecular, Diagnóstico viral rápido, Disfunção cardíaca, Disfunção hepática, Disfunções renais, Disgeusia, Doentes críticos, ELISAs, Endotelite, Escarro induzido, Exames de imagem, Exames de sangue, Exame sorológico, Falsos negativos, Falsos positivos, Fígado, Fluorescência específica de alvo, Genes RdRp/N, Hiposmia, ID NOW, IgA, IgG, IgM, Imunoanálise, Inativação por calor, Infecção de células endoteliais, Interactoma do hospedeiro, Lesão cardíaca, Lesão renal aguda (LRA), Lições de Wuhan, Mapeamento proteômico, Micro-matriz proteômica, Mielite, Miocardite, Monócitos inflamatórios, nsp9, nsp10, Nucleocapsídeo, Patogenia, Quimiotaxia forte de neutrófilos mediada por IL-8/IL-6, RdRp, Repressor de NF-kB, Resposta inflamatória excessiva do hospedeiro, RNA polimerase RNA-dependente, Rotinas sangüíneas, RT-PCR, RT-PCR Qualitativo, RTX, Sintomas gastrointestinais, Sistema cardiovascular, Sondas oligonucleotídicas, Soroprevalência, Superativação do complemento mediada por MASP-2, Tempestade de citocinas, Testes, Tipos de espécimes, Transcriptase reversa termoestável, Tratamento ambulatorial, Ultrassom pulmonar, Zopiclone.
NOTE: most recent articles always on top | artigos mais recentes sempre em cima

General Clinical Characteristics | Características Clínicas Gerais

Feng Sr. X, Li P, et al. (Apr 29, 2020). Clinical Characteristics and Short-Term Outcomes of Severe Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.24.20078063

Ashraf MA, Shokouhi N, et al. (Apr 24, 2020). COVID-19 in Iran, a comprehensive investigation from exposure to treatment outcomes. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.20.20072421

Jiang X, Tao J, Wu H, Wang Y, Zhao W, Zhou M, et al. (Apr 14, 2020). Clinical features and management of severe COVID-19: A retrospective study in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.10.20060335

Kong W-H, Li Y, Peng M-W, Kong D-G, Yang X-B, Wang L, Liu M-Q (Apr 7, 2020). SARS-CoV-2 detection in patients with influenza-like illness. Nat Microbiol 5:675–678. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-020-0713-1

Fu S, Fu X, Song Y, Li M, Pan P-H, Tang T, et al. (Apr 6, 2020). Virologic and clinical characteristics for prognosis of severe COVID-19: a retrospective observational study in Wuhan, China. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.or/10.1101/2020.04.03.20051763

Kluytmans M, Buiting A, Pas S, Bentvelsen R, Bijllaardt WVD, Oudheusden AV, et al. (Mar 27, 2020). SARS-CoV-2 infection in 86 healthcare workers in two Dutch hospitals in March 2020. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.23.20041913

Hu L, Chen S, Fu Y, Gao Z, Long H, Ren HW, et al. (Mar 26, 2020). Risk Factors Associated with Clinical Outcomes in 323 COVID-19 Patients in Wuhan, China. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.25.20037721

Li T, Lu H, Zhang W (Mar 25, 2020). Clinical observation and management of COVID-19 patients. Emerg Microbes Infect 9(1):687-690. https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1741327

Siddiqi HK, Mehra MR (Mar 20, 2020). COVID-19 Illness in Native and Immunosuppressed States: A Clinical-Therapeutic Staging Proposal. J Heart Lung Transplant [ONLINE]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2020.03.012

Amrane S, Tissot-Dupont H, Doudier B, Eldin C, Hocquart M, Mailhe M, et al., Gautret P (Mar 20, 2020). Rapid viral diagnosis and ambulatory management of suspected COVID-19 cases presenting at the infectious diseases referral hospital in Marseille, France, - January 31st to March 1st, 2020: A respiratory virus snapshot. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease [PRE-PROOF], 101632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101632

Liu Y, Yan LM, Wan L, Xiang TX, Le A, Liu JM, et al. (Mar 19, 2020). Viral dynamics in mild and severe cases of COVID-19. The Lancet Infectious Diseases [ONLINE FIRST]. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30232-2

Liu J, Ouyang L, Guo P, Wu H, Fu P, Chen Y, et al. (Mar 13, 2020). Epidemiological, Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Medical Staff Infected with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Case Series Analysis. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.09.20033118

Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Cardona-Ospina JA, Gutiérrez-Ocampo E, Villamizar-Peña R, Holguin-Rivera Y, Escalera-Antezana JP, et al. (Mar 13 2020). Clinical, laboratory and imaging features of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease [CORR. PROOF], 101623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101623

Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. (Feb 28, updated Mar 6, 2020). Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. The New England Journal of Medicine. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2002032

Hu Z, Song C, Xu C, Jin G, Chen Y, Xu X, et al. (Mar 4, 2020). Clinical characteristics of 24 asymptomatic infections with COVID-19 screened among close contacts in Nanjing, China. Sci China Life Sci (2020) [ONLINE]. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-020-1661-4

Tian S, Hu N, Lou J, Chen K, Kang X, Xiang Z, et al. (Feb 27, 2020). Characteristics of COVID-19 infection in Beijing. Journal of Infection 80, 401-406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.018

Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Xia J, Liu H, et al. (Feb 24, 2020). Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine [CORR. PROOF]. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-5

Tian S, Hu W, Niu L, Liu H, Xu H, Xiao SY (Feb 20, 2020). Pulmonary Pathology of Early-Phase 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia in Two Patients With Lung Cancer. Journal of Thoracic Oncology, IASLC [CORR. PROOF]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtho.2020.02.010

Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. (Feb 7, 2020). Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 323(11):1061-1069. [ONLINE]. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1585

Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. (Jan 24, 2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet 395(10223), 497–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5

Cytokine Storm | Tempestade de Citocinas

Rocha AP, Atallah AN, et al. (May 6, 2020). COVID-19 AND PATIENTS UNDERGOING PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENTS FOR IMMUNE-MEDIATED INFLAMMATORY DISEASES: PROTOCOL FOR A RAPID LIVING SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.01.20087494

Quartuccio L, Sonaglia A, et al. (May 5, 2020). Profiling COVID-19 pneumonia progressing into the cytokine storm syndrome: results from a single Italian Centre study on tocilizumab versus standard of care. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.01.20078360

Fardet L (n/a). HScore for Reactive Hemophagocytic Syndrome. MDCalc [CALCULATOR]. https://www.mdcalc.com/hscore-reactive-hemophagocytic-syndrome

Coomes EA, Haghbayan H (Apr 3, 2020). Interleukin-6 in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.30.20048058

Liang Q, Li J, Guo M, Tian X, Liu C, Wang X, et al. (Apr 2, 2020). Virus-host interactome and proteomic survey of PMBCs from COVID-19 patients reveal potential virulence factors influencing SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. bioRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.31.019216

Wen W, Su W, Tang H, Le W, Zhang X, Zheng Y, et al. (Mar 27, updated Mar 31, 2020). Immune Cell Profiling of COVID-19 Patients in the Recovery Stage by Single-Cell Sequencing. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.23.20039362

Gao T, Hu M, Zhang X, Li H, Zhu L, Liu H, et al. (Mar 30, 2020). Highly pathogenic coronavirus N protein aggravates lung injury by MASP-2-mediated complement over-activation. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.29.20041962

Zhang D, Guo R, Lei L, Liu H, Wang Y, Wang Y, et al. (Mar 26, 2020). COVID-19 infection induces readily detectable morphological and inflammation-related phenotypic changes in peripheral blood monocytes, the severity of which correlate with patient outcome. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.24.20042655

Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall RS, Manson JJ, et al. (Mar 16, 2020). COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. The Lancet [ONLINE FIRST]. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30628-0

Li G, Fan Y, Lai Y, Han T, Li Z, Zhou P, et al. (Jan 25, 2020). Coronavirus infections and immune responses. J Med Virol 92(4):424-432. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25685

Coagulation Issues | Questões de Coagulação

Oxley TJ, Mocco J, Majidi S, Kellner CP, Shoirah H, Singh IP, et al. (Apr 28, 2020). Large-Vessel Stroke as a Presenting Feature of Covid-19 in the Young. NEJM [ONLINE]. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2009787

Klok FA, Kruip MJHA, Meer NJMvd, Arbous MS, Gommerse DAMPJ, Kant KM, et al. (Apr 21, 2020). Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19. Thromb Res [ONLINE]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.013

Zhai Z, Li C, Chen Y, Gerotziafas G, Zhang Z, Wan J, et al. (Apr 21, 2020). Prevention and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection: A Consensus Statement before Guidelines. Thromb Haemost [ONLINE]. https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-0040-1710019

Varga Z, Flammer AJ, Steiger P, Haberecker M, Andermatt R, Zinkernagel AS, et al. (Apr 20, 2020). Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19. Lancet [ONLINE]. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30937-5

Beun R, Kusadasi N, Sikma M, Westerink J, Huisman A (Apr 20, 2020). Thromboembolic events and apparent heparin resistance in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Int J Lab Hematol [ACCEPTED]. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijlh.13230

Kollias A, Kyriakoulis KG, Dimakakos E, Poulakou G, Stergiou GS, Syrigos K (Apr 18, 2020). Thromboembolic risk and anticoagulant therapy in COVID‐19 patients: Emerging evidence and call for action. Br J Haematol [ONLINE]. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.16727

Bikdeli B, Madhavan MV, Jimenez D, Chuich T, Dreyfus I, Driggin E, et al. (Apr 17, 2020). COVID-19 and Thrombotic or Thromboembolic Disease: Implications for Prevention, Antithrombotic Therapy, and Follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol [ACCEPTED]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.031

Dolhnikoff M, Duarte-Neto AN, Monteiro RAdA, Silva LFFd, Oliveira EPd, Saldiva PHN, et al. (Apr 15, 2020). Pathological evidence of pulmonary thrombotic phenomena in severe COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost [ONLINE]. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.14844

Cui S, Chen S, Li X, Liu S, Wang F (Apr 9, 2020). Prevalence of venous thromboembolism in patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost [ONLINE]. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.14830

Casey K, Iteen A, Nicolini R, Auten J (Apr 8, 2020). COVID-19 pneumonia with hemoptysis: Acute segmental pulmonary emboli associated with novel coronavirus infection. Am J Emerg Med [ONLINE]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.011

Yin S, Huang M, Li D, Tang N (Apr 3, 2020). Difference of coagulation features between severe pneumonia induced by SARS-CoV2 and non-SARS-CoV2. J Thromb Thrombolysis [ONLINE]. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-020-02105-8

Tang N, Bai H, Chen X, Gong J, Li D, Sun Z (Mar 27, 2020). Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy. J Thromb Haemost [ACCEPTED]. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.14817

Hana H, Yanga L, Liu R, Liu F, Wu K-L, Li J, et al. (Mar 16, 2020). Prominent changes in blood coagulation of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin Chem Lab Med [ONLINE]. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2020-0188

Iba T, Levy JH, Warkentin TE, Thachil J, Poll Tvd, Levi M, et al. (Jul 20, 2019). Diagnosis and management of sepsis‐induced coagulopathy and disseminated intravascular coagulation. J Thromb Haemost 17(11):1989-1994. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.14578

Cardiac Issues | Questões Cardíacas

Madjid M, Safavi-Naeini P, Solomon SD, Vardeny O (Mar 27, 2020). Potential Effects of Coronaviruses on the Cardiovascular System: A Review. JAMA Cardiol. [ONLINE]. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1286

Guo T, Fan Y, Chen M, Wu X, Zhang L, He T, et al. (Mar 27, 2020). Cardiovascular Implications of Fatal Outcomes of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol. [ONLINE]. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1017

Shi S, Qin M, Shen B, Cai Y, Liu T, Yang F, et al. (Mar 25, 2020). Association of Cardiac Injury With Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Cardiol. [ONLINE]. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0950

Ma KL, Liu ZH, Cao CF, Liu MK, Liao J, Zou JB, et al. (Mar 23, 2020). COVID-19 Myocarditis and Severity Factors An Adult Cohort Study. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.19.20034124

Hu H, Ma F, Wei X, Fang Y (Mar 16, 2020). Coronavirus fulminant myocarditis treated with glucocorticoid and human immunoglobulin. Eur Heart J [ONLINE], ehaa190. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa190

Olfactory & Gustatory Issues | Questões Olfativas & Gustativas

Lechien JR, Chiesa‐Estomba CM, Siati DRD, Horoi M, Bon SDL, Rodriguez A, et al. (Apr 6, 2020). Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild‐to‐moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19): a multicenter European study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol [ONLINE]. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-020-05965-1

AAO-HNS—American Academy of Otolaryngology — Head and Neck Surgery (Mar 26, 2020). COVID-19 Anosmia Reporting Tool for Clinicians. AAO-HNS [ONLINE REPORTING TOOL OPEN TO ALL CLINICIANS | FERRAMENTA DE RELATÓRIO ONLINE ABERTA A TODOS OS CLÍNICOS]. https://www.entnet.org/content/reporting-tool-patients-anosmia-related-covid-19

Hopkins C, Kumar N (Mar 21, 2020). Loss of sense of smell as marker of COVID-19 infection. ENTUK. https://www.entuk.org/sites/default/files/files/Loss%20of%20sense%20of%20smell%20as%20marker%20of%20COVID.pdf

Other Specific Characteristics | Outras Características Específicas

Wang J, Dong X, et al. (May 5, 2020). Characteristics of lymphocyte subsets and their predicting values for the severity of COVID-19 patients. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.01.20086421

Nobel YR, Phipps M, Zucker J, Lebwohl B, Wang TC, Sobieszczyk ME, Freedberg DE (Apr 8, 2020). Gastrointestinal Symptoms and COVID-19: Case-Control Study from the United States. Gastroenterology [ACCEPTED]. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.04.017

Fu L, Fei J, Xu S, Xiang H-X, Xiang Y, Tan Z-X, et al. (Apr 6, 2020). Acute liver injury and its association with death risk of patients with COVID-19: a hospital-based prospective case-cohort study. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.02.20050997

Hikmet F, Méar L, Uhlén M, Lindskog C (Apr 3, 2020). The protein expression profile of ACE2 in human tissues. bioRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.31.016048

Wu P, Duan F, Luo C, Liu Q, Qu X, Liang L, Wu K (Mar 31, 2020). Characteristics of Ocular Findings of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei Province, China. JAMA Ophthalmol [ONLINE]. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.1291

Lin Z, Fang Q, Mai J, Zhou L, Qian Y, Cai T, et al. (Mar 29, 2020). The Nucleocapsid Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Abolished Pluripotency in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. bioRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.26.010694

Wang Z, Li H, Li J, Yang C, Guo X, Hu Z, et al. (Mar 27, 2020). Elevated serum IgM levels indicate poor outcome in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia: A retrospective case-control study. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.22.20041285

Anti-2019-nCoV Volunteers, Li Z, Wu M, Yao J, Guo J, Liao X, et al. (Mar 27, 2020). Caution on Kidney Dysfunctions of COVID-19 Patients. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.08.20021212

Recalcati S (Mar 26, 2020). Cutaneous Manifestations in COVID-19: A First Perspective. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol [ONLINE]. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16387

Seow JJW, Pai R, Mishra A, Shepherdson E, Lim TKH, Goh BKP, et al. (Mar 25, 2020). scRNA-seq reveals ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in TROP2+ Liver Progenitor Cells: Implications in COVID-19 associated Liver Dysfunction. bioRxiv [PRE-PROOF]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.23.002832

Schuller BW, Schuller DM, Qian K, Liu J, Zheng H, Li X (Mar 24, 2020). COVID-19 and Computer Audition: An Overview on What Speech & Sound Analysis Could Contribute in the SARS-CoV-2 Corona Crisis. arXiv [PREPRINT]. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.11117.pdf

Bangash MN, Patel P, Parekh D (Mar 20, 2020). COVID-19 and the liver: little cause for concern. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol [ONLINE FIRST]. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30084-4

Zhao K, Huang J, Dai D, Feng Y, Liu L, Nie S (Mar 18, 2020). Acute myelitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.16.20035105

Joob B, Wiwanitkit V (Mar 17, 2020). COVID-19 can present with a rash and be mistaken for Dengue. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology [PRE-PROOF]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2020.03.036

Yang Y, Shen C, Li J, Yuan J, Yang M, Wang F, et al. (Mar 6, 2020). Exuberant elevation of IP-10, MCP-3 and IL-1ra during SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with disease severity and fatal outcome. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.02.20029975

Discharge Criteria | Critérios de Alta

ECDC (Apr 8, 2020). Guidance for discharge and ending isolation in the context of widespread community transmission of COVID-19—first update. ECDC [TECH REPORT]. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/covid-19-guidance-discharge-and-ending-isolation

Piva S, MDCalc (Apr 10, 2020). Interview with Italian Intensivist Dr. Simone Piva, Discussing the Brescia-COVID Respiratory Severity Score (BCRSS). MDCalc COVID-19 Resource Center [INTERVIEW]. https://www.mdcalc.com/covid-19/brescia-covid-respiratory-severity-scale-bcrss-interview

Yuan J, Kou S, Liang Y, Zeng JF, Pan Y, Liu L (Apr 8, 2020). PCR Assays Turned Positive in 25 Discharged COVID-19 Patients. Clin Infect Dis, ciaa398 [ACCEPTED]. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa398

Zhou F, Yu X, Tong X, Zhang R (Mar 30, 2020). Clinical features and outcomes of 197 adult discharged patients with COIVD-19 in Yichang, Hubei. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.26.20041426

Chen C, Gao G, Xu Y, Pu L, Wang Q, Wang L, et al. (Mar 30, 2020). SARS-CoV-2–Positive Sputum and Feces After Conversion of Pharyngeal Samples in Patients With COVID-19. Ann Intern Med [ONLINE]. https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-0991

Du X, Yu X, Li Q, Li X, Qin T, Luo Q, et al. (Mar 26, 2020). Duration for Carrying SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 Patients. J Infect [ACCEPTED]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.053

Chang D, Mo G, Yuan X, Tao Y, Peng X, Wang F, et al. (Mar 23, 2020). Time Kinetics of Viral Clearance and Resolution of Symptoms in Novel Coronavirus Infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med [ONLINE]. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202003-0524LE

CDC (updated Mar 23, 2020). Discontinuation of Transmission-Based Precautions and Disposition of Patients with COVID-19 in Healthcare Settings (Interim Guidance). CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/disposition-hospitalized-patients.html

Han H, Luo Q, Mo F, Long L, Zheng W (Mar 12, 2020). SARS-CoV-2 RNA more readily detected in induced sputum than in throat swabs of convalescent COVID-19 patients. The Lancet Infectious Diseases [ONLINE]. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30174-2

ECDC (Mar 10, 2020). Novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)—Discharge criteria for confirmed COVID-19 cases [TECHNICAL REPORT]. Stockholm: ECDC. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/COVID-19-Discharge-criteria.pdf

Chen D, Xu W, Lei Z, Huang Z, Liu J, Gao Z, Peng L (Mar 5, 2020). Recurrence of positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA in COVID-19: A case report. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 93, P297-299, April 1, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.003

Lan L, Xu D, Ye G, Xia C, Wang S, Li Y, Xu H (Feb 27, 2020). Positive RT-PCR Test Results in Patients Recovered From COVID-19. JAMA [Published online]. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.2783

ELISA | IgG & IgM Tests | Exames

Amanat F, Stadlbauer D, Strohmeier S, ..., Krammer F (May 12, 2020). A serological assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in humans. Nat Med [ONLINE; NOTE: preprint on Mar 18, 2020]. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0913-5

Long Q, Liu B, et al. (Apr 29, 2020). Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19. Nat Med [ONLINE]. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0897-1

Whitman JD, Hiatt J, Mowery CT, Shy BR, Yu R, Yamamoto TN, et al. (Apr 24, 2020). Test performance evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 serological assays. Covid Testing Project <https://covidtestingproject.org> [PREPRINT]. https://www.dropbox.com/s/cd1628cau09288a/SARS-CoV-2_Serology_Manuscript.pdf

WHO (Apr 24, 2020). "Immunity passports" in the context of COVID-19. WHO [GUIDANCE]. https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/immunity-passports-in-the-context-of-covid-19

Wang B, Wang L, Kong X, Geng J, Xiao D, Ma C, et al. (Apr 21, 2020). Long-term Coexistence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with Antibody Response in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.13.20040980

Lassaunière R, Frische A, Harboe ZB, Nielsen ACY, Fomsgaard A, Krogfelt KA, Jørgensen CS (Apr 10, 2020). Evaluation of nine commercial SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.09.20056325

Castro R, Luz PM, Wakimoto MD, Veloso VG, Grinsztejn B, Perazzo H (Apr 5, 2020). COVID-19: a meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy of commercial assays registered in Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis [ACCEPTED]. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.bjid.2020.04.003

Flodgren GM (Apr, 2020). COVID-19-EPIDEMIC: Immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection—a rapid review. NIPH [MEMO]. https://www.fhi.no/globalassets/dokumenterfiler/rapporter/2020/immunity-after-sars-cov-2-infection-report-2020.pdf

JHSPH (Apr 10, 2020). Serology-based tests for COVID-19. JHSPH & Center for Health Security [TRACKER]. http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/resources/COVID-19/serology/Serology-based-tests-for-COVID-19.html

Paradiso AV, Summa SD, Loconsole D, Procacci V, Sallustio A, Centrone F, et al. (Apr 6, 2020). Clinical meanings of rapid serological assay in patients tested for SARS-Co2 RT-PCR. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.03.20052183

Cellex (Apr 1, 2020). Cellex qSARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM Rapid Test. FDA [Cf. Apr/1 EUA authorization]. https://www.fda.gov/media/136625/download

Zhao J, Yuan Q, Wang H, Liu W, Liao X, Su Y, et al. (Mar 28, 2020). Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients of novel coronavirus disease 2019. Clin Infect Dis [ACCEPTED, ciaa344]. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa344

Wang H, Hou X, Wu X, Liang T, Zhang X, Wang D, et al. (Mar 28, 2020). SARS-CoV-2 proteome microarray for mapping COVID-19 antibody interactions at amino acid resolution. bioRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.26.994756

Zhao R, Li M, Song H, Chen J, Ren W, Feng Y, et al. (Mar 27, 2020). Serological diagnostic kit of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using CHO-expressed full-length SARS-CoV-2 S1 proteins. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.26.20042184

Khan S, Nakajima R, Jain A, Assis RRD, Jasinskas A, Obiero JM, et al. (Mar 25, 2020). Analysis of Serologic Cross-Reactivity Between Common Human Coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 Using Coronavirus Antigen Microarray. bioRxiv [PRE-PROOF]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.24.006544

To KKW, Tsang OTY, Leung WS, Tam AR, Wu TC, Lung DC, et al. (Mar 23, 2020) . Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 2020 [ONLINE]. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30196-1

Liu W, Liu L, Kou G, Zheng Y, Ding Y, Ni W, et al. (Mar 20, 2020). Evaluation of Nucleocapsid and Spike Protein-based ELISAs for detecting antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.16.20035014

Long QX, Deng HJ, Chen J, Hu J, Liu BZ, Liao P, et al. (Mar 20, 2020). Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients: the perspective application of serological tests in clinical practice. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.18.20038018

Okba NMA, Muller MA, Li W, Wang C, GeurtsvanKessel CH, Corman VM, et al. (Mar 20, 2020). SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody responses in COVID-19 patients. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.18.20038059

Amanat F, Nguyen T, Chromikova V, Strohmeier S, Stadlbauer D, Javier A, et al., Krammer F (Mar 18, updated Apr 16, 2020). A serological assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in humans. medRxiv [PREPRINT] https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.17.20037713

Hu X, An T, Situ B, Hu Y, Ou Z, Li Q, et al. (Mar 16, 2020). Heat inactivation of serum interferes with the immunoanalysis of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.12.20034231

Zhang B, Zhou X, Zhu C, Feng F, Qiu Y, Feng J, et al. (Mar 16, 2020). Immune phenotyping based on neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and IgG predicts disease severity and outcome for patients with COVID-19. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.12.20035048

Lee NY, Li CW, Tsai HP, Chen PL, Syue LS, Li MC, et al. (Mar 10, 2020). A case of COVID-19 and pneumonia returning from Macau in Taiwan: Clinical course and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG dynamic. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection [CORR. PROOF]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2020.03.003

Whitman JD, Bulman CA, Gunderson EL, Irish AM, Townsend RL, Stramer SL, et al. (Nov 22, 2019). Chagas Disease Serological Test Performance in U.S. Blood Donor Specimens. J Clin Microbiol 57(12): e01217-19 [Cf. Whitman et al., Apr 24, 2020]. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01217-19

Qualitative RT-PCR | RT-PCR Qualitativo

Abbott Diagnostics Scarborough, Inc. (Mar 2020). Abbott RealTime SARS-CoV-2 [ID NOW COVID-19]. For use under an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) Only—Instructions for Use. FDA, REF 09N77-095 [Cf. Mar/27 FDA authorization & Mar/20 EUA application]. https://www.fda.gov/media/136258/download

Chan JFW, Yip CCY, To KKW, Tang THC, Wong SCY, Leung KH, et al. (Mar 30, accepted Mar 4, 2020). Improved molecular diagnosis of COVID-19 by the novel, highly sensitive and specific COVID-19-RdRp/Hel real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay validated in vitro and with clinical specimens. J Clin Microbiol [ONLINE]. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00310-20

Rao A, Goldstein DY, Wolk DM, Wolf LA (Mar 2020). Development and Evaluation of Two SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Laboratory Developed Tests on the ARIES® Automated, Sample-to-Answer, Real-Time PCR System. Luminex [WHITE PAPER]. https://www.luminexcorp.com/download/development-and-evaluation-of-two-sars-cov-2-rt-pcr-laboratory-developed-tests-on-the-aries-automated-sample-to-answer-real-time-pcr-system/

CT & RT-PCR Tests | Exames de TC & RT-PCR

Kates J, Michaud J, Orgera K, Levitt L (Apr 17, 2020). What Testing Capacity Do We Need? KFF [DATA]. https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-policy-watch/what-testing-capacity-do-we-need/

Song L, Xiao G, Zhang X, Gao Z, Sun S, Zhang L, et al. (Apr 14, 2020). A case of SARS-CoV-2 carrier for 32 days with several times false negative nucleic acid tests. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.31.20045401

Wikramaratna P, Paton RS, Ghafari M, Lourenço J (Apr 14, 2020). Estimating false-negative detection rate of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.05.20053355

Poyiadji N, Shahin G, Noujaim D, Stone M, MD, Patel S, MD, Griffith B (Mar 31, 2020). COVID-19–associated Acute Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalopathy: CT and MRI. Radiology [ONLINE]. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020201187

Bhadra S, Maranhao AC, Ellington AD (Mar 31, 2020). A one-enzyme RT-qPCR assay for SARS-CoV-2, and procedures for reagent production. bioRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.29.013342

Yelin I, Aharony N, Shaer-Tamar E, Argoetti A, Messer E, Berenbaum D, et al. (Mar 27, 2020). Evaluation of COVID-19 RT-qPCR test in multi-sample pools. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.26.20039438

Wang K, Kang S, Tian R, Zhang X, Zhang X, Wang Y (Mar 23, 2020). Imaging manifestations and diagnostic value of chest CT of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the Xiaogan area. Clinical Radiology [ONLINE]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2020.03.004

Bruce EA, Tighe S, Hoffman JJ, Laaguiby P, Gerrard DL, Diehl SA, et al. (Mar 21, 2020). RT-qPCR DETECTION OF SARS-CoV-2 RNA FROM PATIENT NASOPHARYNGEAL SWAB USING QIAGEN RNEASY KITS OR DIRECTLY VIA OMISSION OF AN RNA EXTRACTION STEP. bioRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.20.001008

Wu Y, Guo C, Tang L, Hong Z, Zhou J, Dong X, et al. (Mar 19, 2020). Prolonged presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in faecal samples. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 5(5):P434-435. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30083-2

Ye Z, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Huang Z, Bin Song B (Mar 19, 2020). Chest CT manifestations of new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pictorial review. Eur Radiol (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-020-06801-0

Wang Y, Dong C, Hu Y, Li C, Ren Q, Zhang X, et al. (Mar 19, 2020). Temporal Changes of CT Findings in 90 Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Longitudinal Study. Radiology [ONLINE]. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200843

Dong L, Zhou J, Niu C, Wang Q, Pan Y, Wang X, et al. (Mar 18, 2020). Highly accurate and sensitive diagnostic detection of SARS-CoV-2 by digital PCR. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.14.20036129

Li C, Debruyne D, Spencer J, Kapoor V, Liu LY, Zhang B, et al. (Mar 14, 2020). High sensitivity detection of SARS-CoV-2 using multiplex PCR and a multiplex-PCR-based metagenomic method. bioRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.12.988246

Peng Q-Y, Wang X-T, Zhang L-N, CCUSG—Chinese Critical Care Ultrasound Study Group (Mar 12, 2020) Findings of lung ultrasonography of novel corona virus pneumonia during the 2019–2020 epidemic [Note: Ultrasonography vs CT | Ultrassom vs TC]. Intensive Care Med [ONLINE]. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-05996-6

Wang W, Xu Y, Gao R, Lu R, Han K, Wu G, Tan W (Mar 11, 2020). Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens. JAMA [ONLINE]. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.3786

Liu R, Huan H, Liu F, Lv Z, Wu K, Liu Y, et al. (Mar 7, 2020). Positive rate of RT-PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 4880 cases from one hospital in Wuhan, China, from Jan to Feb 2020. Clinica Chimica Acta 505, 172-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2020.03.009

Al-Tawfiq JA, Memish ZA (Mar 6, 2020). Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection based on CT scan vs. RT-PCR: Reflecting on Experience from MERS-CoV. Journal of Hospital Infection [PRE-PROOF]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.03.001

Li X, Geng M, Peng Y, Meng L, Lu S (Mar 5, 2020). Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis [CORR. PROOF]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2020.03.001

Leber AL, Lisby JG, Hansen G, Relich RF, Schneider UV, Granato P, et al. (Mar 4, 2020). Multicenter Evaluation of the QIAstat-Dx Respiratory Panel for the Detection of Viruses and Bacteria in Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens. J Clin Microbiol [ONLINE]. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00155-20

Yang W, Cao Q, Qin L, Wang X, Cheng Z, Pan A, et al. (Feb 26, 2020). Clinical characteristics and imaging manifestations of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A multi-center study in Wenzhou city, Zhejiang, China. Journal of Infection 80, 388-393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.016

Pan Y, Zhang D, Yang P, Poon LLM, Wang Q (Feb 24, 2020, Online). Viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 20(4), P411-412, April 1, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30113-4

Shi H, Han X, Jiang N, Cao Y, Alwalid O, Gu J, et al. (Feb 24, 2020). Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases [CORR. PROOF]. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30086-4

Bernheim A, Mei X, Huang M, Yang Y, Fayad ZA, Zhang N, et al., Chung M (Feb 20, 2020). Chest CT Findings in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19): Relationship to Duration of Infection. Radiology [ONLINE]. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200463

Duan YN, Qin J (Feb 12, 2020). Pre- and Posttreatment Chest CT Findings: 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Pneumonia. Radiology 295(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200323

Zhang N, Wang L, Deng X, Liang R, Su M, He C, et al. (Jan 15, 2020). Recent advances in the detection of respiratory virus infection in humans. J Med Virol 92(4):408-417. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25674

Other Tests | Outros Exames (CRISPR, Deep Learning, etc.)

St Hilaire BG, Durand NC, Mitra N, Pulido SG, Mahajan R, Blackburn A, et al. (Apr 25, 2020). A rapid, low cost, and highly sensitive SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic based on whole genome sequencing. bioRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.25.061499

Hassanien Sr AE, Mahdy Jr LN, Ezzat Jr KA, Elmousalami Jr HH, Ella Jr HA (Apr 6, 2020). Automatic X-ray COVID-19 Lung Image Classification System based on Multi-Level Thresholding and Support Vector Machine. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.30.20047787

Wang S, Kang B, Ma J, Zeng X, Xiao M, Guo J, et al. (Mar 30, 2020). A deep learning algorithm using CT images to screen for Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19). medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.14.20023028

Broughton JP, Deng X, Yu G, Fasching CL, Singh J, Streithorst J (Mar 27, 2020). Rapid Detection of 2019 Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Using a CRISPR-based DETECTR Lateral Flow Assay. medRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.06.20032334

Lopez-Rincon A, Tonda A, Mendoza-Maldonado L, Claassen E, Garssen J, Kraneveld AD (Mar 27, 2020). Accurate Identification of SARS-CoV-2 from Viral Genome Sequences using Deep Learning. bioRxiv [PREPRINT]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.13.990242