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Targeted VS Non-Targeted Approaches
Targeted VS Non-Targeted Approaches
Targeted Approaches
- involve detection processes that seek out specific adulterants, "checking for what is there"
- These approaches face limitations, as they can only detect the one substance that is being tested for
- This is problematic, considering there may be a wide range of adulterants that may be added to food
- These methods are usually quite expensive, and time consuming
Non-Targeted Approaches
- Detection processes that examine a sample in comparison to known "pure" samples
- "Checking for what is not there"
- Best used as primary screening tools, as they are cost-effective, and require little training to use
- This requires a large database of known samples, and the technology to analyze and compare the information
- Limitations may arise from an incomplete set of reference data, taking into account the natural variations of "pure" products
(Ballin & Laursen, 2019, para. 20)
Analytical Chemistry Techniques
Analytical Chemistry Techniques
Some of these technologies have become quite portable, and require very little training to operate, so often act as a first line of defense
Some of these technologies have become quite portable, and require very little training to operate, so often act as a first line of defense
Many different analytical techniques, or combinations of techniques exist within these fields
- Spectrometry
- Spectroscopy
- Chromatography
Some examples of Analytical Chemistry Techniques
Some examples of Analytical Chemistry Techniques
- UV-VIS Spectroscopy (Chrominfo, 2019, para. 2)
- IR Spectroscopy (Chrominfo, 2019, para. 3)
- LC-MS-MS(Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry) (Food Quality and Safety, 2019, para. 2)
- ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) (Food Quality and Safety, 2019, para. 2)
Molecular Biology Techniques
Molecular Biology Techniques
- Focus on DNA and proteins
- Used to identify species, breed, variety, and is GMOs are present
Real-Time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)- DNA is amplified then analyzed with various methods (Ballin & Laursen, 2019, para. 19)
DNA Bar coding -method that uses a short DNA marker to determine which species a sample came from (Genome Canada, n.d. para.1)
Microscopy Techniques
Microscopy Techniques
Electron, Optical, and Scanning Microscopy Techniques
- Can easily detect macromolecules and different structural features
- Require extensive training to operate, and examine results
- AI software is being developed to examine results
(Ballin & Laursen, 2019, para. 18)
Examples of Portable Technologies
Examples of Portable Technologies
It is now possible to identify species in real time, and detect possible adulterants with the click of a button
It is now possible to identify species in real time, and detect possible adulterants with the click of a button
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