One area that has a big gap between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Canadians is housing. The community of Attawapiskat in Northern Ontario has "been struggling with housing shortages and substandard living conditions for years" (https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/first-nations-housing-in-dire-need-of-overhaul-1.981227). The housing shortage on this reserve and other reserves is severe and it is only getting worse. Between 20 000 and 35 000 new units would need to be built to meet the current demand for housing. The First Nations though puts this figure at closer to 85 000. Reserve housing falls short in many ways. Forty-one percent of homes require major repairs, compared with only seven percent of Non-Indigenous homes. Overcrowding in homes is six times greater on reserves than in the general Canadian population. On reserves, three generations may be living in homes together by necessity, not by choice. One chief admits that sometimes there are eighteen to twenty-one people living in one home. This is not good for both mental and emotional well-being, especially in children. Children living in these conditions are said to do worse in school. The federal department in charge of Indigenous housing states that, "First Nations are responsible for allocating their own housing funds, including decisions on the number of new units they may decide to build, according to the priorities and needs of the community" (https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/first-nations-housing-in-dire-need-of-overhaul-1.981227). The response back is that the funding level is too low to meet the current needs of the population. In Kashechewan, twenty new units were built three years ago, but three hundred more are needed and back logged already. This is due to the approximate forty babies that are born yearly. Another problem is that the houses built use poor designs and are of poor construction and not properly built for the environment in which the reserves are in. Part of this is due to the fact that materials often have to be flown in and are quite expensive. Very few needed repairs get done. This can lead to mold growth which can cause many health problems. "Low income is another factor preventing people from being able to make the investments their homes need. Median annual income on reserves is $11,300, according to the 2006 census (average income is $16,160). That also means the number of people who can buy new homes is fairly small" (https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/first-nations-housing-in-dire-need-of-overhaul-1.981227). Since many reserves are in isolated communities with little industry, it can be challenging to buy necessities, never mind paying for home repairs. Because homes on reserves are on Crown land, the owners of the homes don't own the land and therefore, also can't get regular mortgages. This is because the property cannot be seized. Lack of running water is another issue with current homes. Not all homes have water and not all have fresh water. Again, this leads to many health problems.
Habitat for Humanity has been trying to help Indigenous families for a number of years. "Habitat for Humanity Canada’s Indigenous Housing Partnership has helped 221 families over the past 11 years secure no-down-payment, interest-free mortgages. The program has led to more financial stability and better outcomes in health, education, and employment, said Peter De Barros, the organization’s vice-president of government and Indigenous affairs, in an email. But even Habitat for Humanity has struggled to break the legal and cultural chains of the Indian Act" (https://www.citylab.com/equity/2019/03/first-nations-canada-indigenous-housing-rights-landowners/583786/ ). The James Bay Cree are one of the most affluent First Nations in Canada. They have a compensation agreement with Quebec and the hydroelectric utility. "That’s why the Crees are looking to new models of private home ownership. Trying to change the structure and instead of having land ownership they would have access to a lot, and the right to access that lot would become the marketable commodity, and they would have perpetual rights to that lot" (https://www.citylab.com/equity/2019/03/first-nations-canada-indigenous-housing-rights-landowners/583786/ ). It seems that to address the inequality in housing, one of the first things that needs to happen, is that Indigenous people must be able to buy the land that their home is on.
From the Calls to Action, number 19 would apply to housing: "We call upon the federal government, in consultation with Aboriginal peoples, to establish measurable goals to identify and close the gaps in health outcomes between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal communities, and to publish annual progress reports and assess long term trends. Such efforts would focus on indicators such as: infant mortality, maternal health, suicide, mental health, addictions, life expectancy, birth rates, infant and child health issues, chronic diseases, illness and injury incidence, and the availability of appropriate health services" (http://trc.ca/assets/pdf/Calls_to_Action_English2.pdf). Adequate housing would assist with many health issues listed above. From what I have read, none of the Calls to Action deal directly with housing.
New Report Details Inequalities Between Aboriginal And Non-Aboriginal Canadians -https://www.cbc.ca/strombo/news/new-report-details-inequalities-between-aboriginal-and-non-aboriginal-canad
Clean running water still a luxury on many native reserves -https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/clean-running-water-still-a-luxury-on-many-native-reserves-1.1081705
Shacks and slop pails: infrastructure crisis on native reserves -https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/shacks-and-slop-pails-infrastructure-crisis-on-native-reserves-1.1004957
First Nations in Canada Are Demanding Property Rights - https://www.citylab.com/equity/2019/03/first-nations-canada-indigenous-housing-rights-landowners/583786/
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada: Calls to Action -http://trc.ca/assets/pdf/Calls_to_Action_English2.pdf