Ida and other fraudulent friends

Ida was a fossil heralded as the “missing link.” Books were released, news stories circulated, and television specials were produced. This new, lemur-like creature was the missing piece of the puzzle that finally put creationism to rest. Evolutionists began their supposed unbiased coverage of this new find. But not only was the fossil find 25 years old, nor was it the missing link. Within weeks of its unveiling, Ida was rejected as the missing link. However, the retractions paled in comparison to the publicity of the initial story. The public still believes that the missing link has indeed been found.

Oliver is a humanzee. It is neither a chimpanzee nor a human, but a hybrid of the two. According to many evolutionists, the humanzee, a hypothetical mixture of human and chimpanzee genes, is a great hope to validate their ideological premise that humans and chimpanzees share a common ancestor. Finding some way to prove that this is a possibility would validate evolution.

In the 1920s, atheism found a perfect candidate to prove that humans and apes were related through crossbreeding. A biologist, Ilya Ivanov, a world-class specialist in the process of artificial insemination could produce a hybrid offspring. Funded by the Soviet Union, Ivanov set out on his experiments. The atheistic and evolutionary agenda was to pair up genes of Asians with orangutans, Caucasians with chimpanzees, and gorillas with Africans as close matches. Not one offspring formed. But in the evolutionary mindset, failure was a triviality that would not hinder “science.”

In the 1960s and 70s, Oliver the humanzee revived. Oliver seemed to be a chimpanzee that walked upright and had a lack of facial hair, and looked human. Evolutionists claimed that he was a hybrid offspring of a human and chimpanzee. Some claimed he had 47 chromosomes, midway between 46 of human and 48 of chimp. Real science eventually got to work and demonstrated that Oliver was simply an odd chimpanzee with 48 chromosomes. Even though he acted and looked a little funny, he was still an ape. Oliver had failed the evolutionists. The humanzee does not exist, but is the twisted, unproven, unfounded fantasy of the deluded.

In 1912 Charles Dawson uncovered some skull fragments, a jaw, and other artefacts in a gravel pit at Piltdown. This find suited a favourite theory of British anatomist Arthur Keith. Other respected scientists put their weight behind the “Piltdown man,” including Arthur Smith-Woodward, keeper of palaeontology at the British Museum of Natural History, and Teilhard de Chardin, the renowned Jesuit priest/palaeontologist. In the early 1950s, a battery of tests confirmed that the discovery had been a grand hoax. The cranium belonged to a modern human , but the jaw belonged to an equally modern orang-utan.

Evolutionists get annoyed when creationists talk about this hoax. After all, everyone knows that the Piltdown man is not genuine. And besides, it was the evolutionists themselves, using rigorous scientific methods, who finally exposed the deception. However, the scandal remains a live issue, especially among palaeontologists. They have a need to understand how such frauds and hoaxes can persist for so long, or appear in the first place. Piltdown man was perpetrated by experts in the field, and unwittingly endorsed by many others. It was accepted readily because it fitted the evolutionary worldview, a fact on which the tricksters probably were relying.

Hahnhöfersand Man supposedly linked humans and Neanderthals. Professor Reiner Protsch von Zieten was a professor of anthropology at Frankfurt University for 30 years before he was forced to resign. It was found that he falsified dates on many "stone age" fossils which included a skull fragment named Hahnhöfersand Man. The scientific fraud only came to light when he was caught attempting to sell his department's complete chimpanzee skull collection to the United States.

Dr. Tim White, anthropologist at the University of California-Berkeley, gave the name “Flipperpithecus” to a supposed "humanoid species" arising from a fossil find that is most likely part of a dolphin's rib. The problem with a lot of anthropologists is that they want so much to find a hominid that any scrap of bone becomes a hominid bone.

After Darwin advanced the claim with his book, The Descent of Man, that man evolved from ape-like living beings, he started to seek fossils to support this contention. Some evolutionists believed that "half-man half-ape" creatures were to be found not only in the fossil record, but also alive in various parts of the world.

In 1892 on the island of Java, Eugene Dubois found a thigh-bone, which was like that of modern humans. About a year earlier in the same location he had found a large skull-cap, and later three teeth. These were not necessarily from the same individual: the skullcap and the leg-bone were about 15 metres apart. ‘Java man’ was announced around the world as indisputable proof of human evolution. Many a writer made money hand over fist with textbooks and magazines filled with reconstructions of ‘Java man’, who had been given the impressive-sounding scientific name of Pithecanthropus erectus (‘erect ape-man’).

Naturally, the bones did not show whether their owner (or owners) had much body hair or not. Yet drawings of ‘Java man’ all showed appropriate amount of hair and the usual hunting tool. Although no face bones had been found, suitably ‘half-ape, half-man’ features were reconstructed in artists’ drawings.

The skullcap may have belonged to a large extinct ape, and the leg bone to an ordinary human. Dubois failed, intentionally, to mention that modern human bones were unearthed together with the “fossils”. Unfortunately, the occasional reference text still features ‘Java man’ as somehow evidence of an evolutionary origin of man.

In 1921 two molar teeth were discovered in a depression near Beijing. These two teeth were given the name Sinanthropus pekinensis and were suggested to belong to a hominid, or human-like creature. Dr W.C. Pei found a third tooth in 1927, and several skull fragments and two pieces from the jaw in 1928. Their age was estimated at 500,000 years.

In 1936 three skulls were discovered in the same place by Pei and the American Professor Franz Weidenreich. These skulls, too, were declared to belong to S. pekinensis. Apart from the two molars, all the materials found as evidence disappeared between 1941 and 1945. All that remains is Weindenreich's plaster models of them.

In terms of their age, geographical regions and anatomical features, all fossils discovered could not be placed in any evolutionary sequence. Peking Man as the missing link lost support, and evolutionists abandoned hope of having found any missing link. National Geographic's TV channel quoted the anthropologist Gary Sawyer of the American Museum of Natural History as saying that Peking Man, in terms of his physical characteristics, was a genuine human being.

Ramapithecus. Evolutionists are correct in saying that this fossil find was never a hoax. However the hype around it was a hoax that suited the agenda of the evolutionists.

This animal was long believed to be the first branch from that line of apes which evolved into man about 14 million years ago. In an article on Ramapithecus in Scientific American (May 1977) Dr E Simons said: "this extinct primate is the earliest hominid or distinctively man- like, member of man's family tree. The finding of many new specimens of it has clarified its place in human evolution". "pathway can now be traced with little fear of contradiction from generalized hominids -- to the genus Homo".

However Richard Leaky (American Scientist 64:174, 1976) apparently agrees with Dr Robert Eckhardt that: "the case for Ramapithecus as a hominid is not substantial, and the fragments of fossil material leave many questions open".

Some investigators have suggested that Ramapithecus is a female ape Dryopithecus. Many drawings have been made of Ramapithicus walking upright, this reconstructed from only jaws and teeth. In 1961 an ancestral human was badly wanted. The ape’s legitimacy as a link is hallowed still today by millions of textbooks and Time-Life volumes on human evolution.

Australopithecus means "southern ape". There are a number of different species among the australopithecines: A. Apheresis, A. Africanus, A. Robustus, which have relatively bigger bones.

All of the Australopithecus species are extinct apes that resemble the apes or chimpanzees of today. They climbed trees just like chimpanzees; their feet built for grasping onto branches. Many other characteristics such as the details in their skulls, the closeness of their eyes, their sharp molar teeth, their mandibular structure, their long arms, and their short legs constitute evidence that these creatures were no different from today's ape.

However, evolutionists claim that, although australopithecines have the anatomy of apes, unlike apes, they walked upright like humans. This is the view of Richard Leakey and Donald C. Johanson, but many other scientists who have carried out research including Lord Solly Zuckerman and Prof. Charles Oxnard showed that these creatures did not walk upright in human manner. Australopithecines have no link with humans and they are merely an extinct ape species.

The pronounced similarity between the skeletal and cranial structures of australopithecines and chimpanzees, and the disproof of the claim that these creatures walked upright, have caused difficulty for evolutionist paleoanthropologists. The reason is that, according to the imaginary evolution scheme, Homo erectus comes after Australopithecus. Homo erectus is a human species and its skeleton is straight. Its cranial capacity is twice as large as that of Australopithecus. A direct transition from Australopithecus, which is a chimpanzee-like ape, to Homo erectus, which has a skeleton no different from modern man's, is out of the question even according to evolutionist theory. Therefore, "links" or "transitional forms" are needed. The concept of Homo habilis arose from this necessity.

The classification of Homo habilis was put forward in the 1960s by the Leakeys, a family of "fossil hunters". According to the Leakeys, this new species, which they classified as Homo habilis, had a relatively large cranial capacity, the ability to walk upright and to use stone and wooden tools. Therefore, it could have been the ancestor of man.

New fossils of the same species unearthed in the late 1980s, were to completely change this view. Some researchers, such as Bernard Wood and C. Loring Brace, who relied on those newly-found fossils, stated that Homo habilis (which means "skillful man" capable of using tools) should be classified as Australopithecus habilis (skillful southern ape), because Homo habilis had many of characteristics in common with the australopithecine apes. It had long arms, short legs and an ape-like skeletal structure like Australopithecus and fingers and toes suitable for climbing. Their jaw and 600 ml average cranial capacity is also an indication of that they were apes. In short, Homo habilis, which was presented as a different species by some evolutionists, was in reality an ape species just like all the other australopithecines.

Homo rudolfensis was the name given to a few fossil fragments unearthed in 1972. So named because they found in the vicinity of Lake Rudolf in Kenya. Most of the paleoanthropologists accept that these fossils do not belong to a distinct species, but that in fact Homo habilis.

Richard Leakey, who unearthed the fossils, said they were 2.8 million years old, and the greatest discovery in the history of anthropology. According to Leakey, this creature, which had a small cranial capacity like that of Australopithecus together with a face similar to that of present-day humans, was the missing link between Australopithecus and humans. It was later realized that the human-like face of the skull was the result of the incorrect assembly of the skull fragments. Professor Tim Bromage, who specializes in human facial anatomy, used computer simulations in 1992 to demonstrate this. Studies of anatomical relationships show that face must have jutted out considerably like the ape Australopithecus.

The Leakey misrepresentation of the face as humanoid may have been deliberate to validate his career. It appeared frequently on the covers of scientific journals and popular science magazines. Evolutionists were desperately looking for a missing link and their fervour resulted in miss-interpretations of the fossils. Definitely worldview driving the science. Links between the australopithecines and Homo erectus are entirely imaginary

Evolutionist paleoanthropologists J. E. Cronin , Professor Alan Walker,

Bernard Wood and Mark Collard all agree that the fossils are ape. The fossil record shows that there is no evolutionary link between these extinct apes and Homo. Human species appears suddenly in the fossil record.

Orce Man: Found in the southern Spanish town of Orce in 1982, and was to be the oldest fossilized human remains ever found in Europe. Scientists said the skull belonged to a 17 year old man who lived 900,000 to 1.6 million years ago. Detail drawings characterized what he would have looked like. One year later it was admitted that the skull fragment was not human, but probably came from a four month old donkey. The evolution imbibed science is definitely becoming interesting.

In their defence, evolutionists claim that there never was a consensus on the fossil's identification. Some said donkey and others said humanoid. There seldom is consensus on anything even if the differences are small – but donkey and humanoid is ludicrous. However the bone fragment was identified as "Orce Man" and three-day symposium was called (and later cancelled).

Turkana Boy was found near Lake Turkana in Kenya, a fossil was that of a 12-year-old boy, 1.83 meters tall. The upright skeletal structure of the fossil is no different from that of modern man. The American paleoanthropologist Alan Walker said that he doubted that "the average pathologist could tell the difference between the fossil skeleton and that of a modern human.” Concerning the skull, Walker said that "it looked so much like a Neanderthal.” Spend some time on any city street, and one is bound to see someone with Neanderthal features.

Neanderthal Man: Reconstructed in 1915 by Marcellin Boule. He wrongly arranged the foot bones with the big toe diverged. The bent-knee and a misshapen spine showed it couldn't stand upright, and the head was placed in an unbalanced position too far forward. The jaw bone was extended out of it’s sockets to accentuate ape-like features.

Boule's model of Neanderthal man was placed on display in the Natural History Museum in Chicago for 44 years before the mistakes were discovered and for another 20 years until they created a new Neanderthal model. The old model was moved to the second floor of the museum with a new sign: "An Alternate View of Neanderthal." Not so.

Neanderthals were human beings who suddenly appeared 100,000 years ago in Europe, and disappeared quickly 35,000 years ago, or assimilated with other races. The only difference from modern man is that their skeletons are more robust and their cranial capacity slightly bigger. Neanderthals were a human race. Evolutionists have tried very hard to present them as a "primitive species", yet all the findings indicate that they were no different from a "robust" man you may meet in the street or have as a friend, or are yourself.

These hoaxes should be a wake-up call that, just as important as the fossils themselves, is the interpretation of those fossils. Contrary to popular belief, anthropologists are not unbiased in their interpretations.

Lucy is the popular name given to the famous fossil skeleton found in 1974 in Ethiopia by American anthropologist Donald Johanson. To many people, Lucy is regarded as a link between ape-like creatures and humans. According to Leakey, Lucy's skull is so incomplete that most of it is "imagination made of Plaster of Paris." Leakey said in 1983 that no firm conclusion could be drawn about what species Lucy belonged to.

But according to Johanson, she walked upright! Her brain size is still small, ape-like in proportion, and most of the other features are predominantly ape-like; anatomically it is not different than a modern chimpanzee. The jaw is distinct in that it is V-shaped, totally unlike human jaws.

And what evidence supports the idea that this creature walked upright? The angle that the upper leg bone makes with the lower leg bone at the knee. But that knee bone was excavated about 60 meters lower and two to three kilometres from the rest of the fossil find. This science is accepted amongst evolutionists.

No prizes, but which of the two representations below were trumped up by evolutionists. Clue: no foot bones were found and other artist's renditions included humanoid footprints.