Substrates should be functional and safe. Some species are burrowers and others are not. Substrates should be safe, comfortable and free from additives. There should be no risk of injury, impaction or choking. Substrates should also be able to retain moisture in order to provide adequate humidity. For that, we recommend coco fiber, organic top soil and products that contain those substrates. Make sure the substrate is at least 1.5 x the shell length is depth. Mulches and wood chips release oils when heated, they are also a choking and impaction hazard. Sand can lead to respiratory issues as well as eye irritation due to the silica dust. Grass and hays may work in small areas for outdoor grazers but indoors, they can mold and do not work well for burrowing species. Grass eaters will eat the hay that they have already urinated and moved their bowels in. Substrates should be spot cleaned daily and changed every 3-4 months or sooner if needed. You can make â…“ of the area slate for feeding and soaking.
Dangerous substrates are those that pose a danger to your pet.
They mold
They can lead to impaction or eye injuries
They can contain oils which lead to respiratory issues
They release fumes when heated by lights