Federal Style

Stone End Tavern, Poland

Stone End Tavern was built in 1804 by Johnathon Fowler. Over the years, the house served as a home for his family, a tavern, store, and a hotel.


"Old Stone Tavern," Remarkable Ohio.

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

This picture shows lap siding on top of the building and flush siding on the lower portion. Flush siding covers more area with less material, but does not shed water. Flush siding is mainly used for areas that are protected. This indicates that the house, at one point, contained a large front porch.

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

The building bulges out at the edges as a result of erosion.

The windows are constructed out of a wood frame, so there are no pegs, unlike the windows on the stone side.

The cornice at the top directs water away from the building.

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

The spaces here between the window indicates that there was a chimney on the inside that went up and joined at the top. The chimneys were linked with masonry and provided for one flow off for water. The thickness of the stone, along the edges, cuts back a few inches for the roof to cut under. There is no finish on the stone exterior. The exterior would have been plastered to protect from water.

Looking at the center windows, the window frames are constructed with a wide side and a wide top. The side contains tenon (projecting piece of wood made for insertion into a mortise) and the top comes over top of it and extends out. The stone is then laid in. To build mortise and tenon, one uses pegs, which are present in the top corners of the windows.

Pictures of the basement by Brooke Bobovnyik

These beams in the basement are full width. Paired with a portion wall in the center of the basement, these help to give a stable base.

Pictures by Brooke Bobovnyik

Features in the main entrance. A typical Pennsylvania tavern consisted of stairs pushed way back to form a broad hall entrance into the front rooms. The rise, landing, and return of the steps are of the Pennsylvania tavern style.

Pictures by Brooke Bobovnyik

Features of the second floor. This window here, which was later added, shows the stone collapsing the lintel above and pressing the window down.

The brick hearth (shown in picture 2) has been redone.

Pictures by Brooke Bobovnyik

Features of the attic. Looking at the roof, the mid line purlin comes across, gets to a jack (angled piece up) and drops steeply. This indicates that the roof had begun to compress the support system. The crossing beams that had the jack on them dropped, while the rest stayed leveled.

In addition, there are numerous nails coming through the boards of the roof. If this is original sheathing, the original roof would have been wood. However, there is evidence of deflection in the beams, which suggests that there was, at some point, a slate roof.

Old Stone Tavern, Lisbon

Built in 1805, the Old Stone Tavern also served as a church, a court, and a home before it was operated by the Lisbon Historical Society. The house opened as a museum in 1953.

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

The trim on the sides of the house would have been added much later, as with the all the windows.

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

The door was originally at the center of the house, with a window at each side. Unlike the first-floor windows, the upper windows are original - they contain pegs for the mortise and tenon construction.

Pictures by Brooke Bobovnyik

The entrance room, seen in picture 1, would have originally been divided into two rooms. Seen in the beam in picture 2, there are pockets in the beam where the wall would have been.

Pictures by Brooke Bobovnyik

Picture 1 shows the huge beam that sets in on the chimney bases at each end of the house. Picture 2 shows a large patch in the basement wall with a supporting beam. The beam has begun to sag, causing a portion of the floor in the upstairs entry to dip.

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

In this house, there's a square flue that runs straight up from the first floor with no damper on both ends.

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

The upstairs has been completely redone. This patch shows where the stairs would have originally been.

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

The roof contains modern pine boards with some boards from the original roof. Before the slate roof, the house originally had a wooden roof. The beams are half-lap with a wooden pin to hold them in place.

John Stark Edwards House, Warren

The John Stark Edwards house, built in 1807, is the oldest home in Warren.

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

The house initially began as a long, narrow house with three rooms and a pantry. Shortly after, the house is extended towards the front, with two rooms, a hallway, and an entrance added. The roof rises steeply, then drops flatly in the back. Around the early 1820s, a crossing gable is added to line up with the roof to shed water to the sides. The roof is torn out in the 1860s. The new roof is extended up to the middle, and reworked in the back. New rooms are added to the back of the house, along with a Victorian staircase and porch. In the 1930s, the house is restored into what the architects believed it should have looked like.

In the 1980s, the house, which originally stood next to The Tribune building, was moved to this lot.

Pictures by Brooke Bobovnyik

One of the first rooms of the house - the kitchen. Picture 3 shows the original outside door.

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

This room became the bedroom following the first extension of the house. The stencils in the room were copied from a house on Route 7 in Vernon.

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

One of the front addition rooms. The original wallpaper had been painted over. The two front rooms contain corner posts.

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

When the early roof on the back of the house dropped flatly, there was no room for a staircase facing this direction here. It faced the opposite direction. This stair case dates back to between the 1860s and 1870s.

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

This seam on the floor shows where the front wall of the 1807 house would have been.

Pictures by Brooke Bobovnyik

The rooms on the second floor reflect various periods.

Ephraim Brownwood Farm 1, North Bloomfield

When a house includes a wing, the stairs are typically on the inside wall. In this house, the entrance into the wing of the house is tucked back underneath the steps. The house was built in 1819, which is early for a side hull house. The purpose of this house was to show off the wealth of its owners.

Features of the house include flush board on the front, pilasters that swell slightly as they go up, and across the top, forming the arcade, is what is known as basket handle arches. The windows on the second floor, 12 over 8 window panels, are different than the first floor windows (12 over 12), which indicates a change in the ceiling height.

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

Elam Jones Public House, Burghill

The area where this house is located in was settled by people who migrated from Northwest Connecticut around 1800. By the 1820s, the area began to prosper, and bigger houses were being built. However, the area endured a depression as the clock industry collapsed in 1835. The economy recovered in the mid-1840s, when the iron industry had taken off.


This house, built by Elam Jones, was the first public house in the township, and opened in 1829.


History of Trumbull and Mahoning Counties, Vol. II, H.Z. Williams and Bro, 1882.

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

The back house on the property.

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

One of the rooms in the back house.

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

This house, once a tavern, would have catered to the stagecoach.

Picture from Jacob Harver

The original kitchen pantry stone sink top, which weighs about 500 pounds.

Picture from Jacob Harver

This room would have been the kitchen for the tavern. The fireplace in the room was made smaller from the original.

Picture from Jacob Harver

The visitors would have come in this room off the stage. The fireplace in this room has also been shrunken down.

Picture from Jacob Harver

This would have been the parlor room. There was once a toilet in this room enclosed with cardboard walls and a cardboard door.

Picture from Jacob Harver

The paint color in this bedroom is a reproduction of the original color. While the room now contains a fireplace, it did not originally. In the past, the room was rented for special occasions, and it was also a meeting room for the masons.

Picture from Jacob Harver

This room was where the tavern keeper would have lived. The stone color of this room represents the Greek Revival style. The doors in this room are the only doors that contain latches.

Picture from Jacob Harver

The current kitchen in the house.

Picture from Jacob Harver

The large wood beams in this room were taken from the top part of a frame from an 1820 side hull house that was disassembled.

Strock Stone House, Youngstown

The Strock Stone House was built in 1831 by William McClure and occupied by William Strock and his family soon after. The house was sold to Francis Henry in 1851, who is believed to have turned the house into a stop in the Underground Railroad. The house was sold again in 1863 to David Anderson, who later turned it over to his son, William Shaw Anderson. William Shaw Anderson lived at the house between 1890 and 1925. During this time, he added onto the house and improved the existing structure. In 1929, Anderson's children sold the house to the Mahoning Valley Sanitary District, which remained in its possession until 1985. The house is currently managed by the Meander Reservoir.


"Growing up in Working Class Youngstown: Strock Stone House," Bob on Books.

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

Looking at the stone pattern here, there is something odd about it, which can be seen in the stone to the left of the window. To build this kind of house, one needed to scaffold the outside of it with posts. A bar went across into the circled spot (the tiny stone piece), and then stone was laid up to the next bar to build up the wall. This spot represents where the scaffold was pulled out and patched.

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

This white section would have been added later.

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

The Strock House contains a roof with an overhang. However, none of the material is original. The original roof would have been wooden. Wooden roof construction would include molding on the edge and slight hanging over to provide drip space.


At some point, the shape of the windows changed. The original size of the windows would have matched the panes of glass above the door, seen, for instance, in the picture to the left. The vents, located at the top, would have previously been windows.

Harmony Historic District- Harmony, Pennsylvania

Harmony was founded in 1804 by George Rapp, and in 1805 became a religious community, known as Harmonie Society. From then on, Harmony grew into a thriving community. Numerous buildings from the early 1800s still exist today.


"Harmony Historic district," Living Places.

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

It s difficult to see in this picture, but there are black headers on the bricks by the windows. The headers are set in a diagonal pattern. The black pattern, which comes from Eastern Pennsylvania, is what is known as "black diapering."

Looking at the doorway on this side, one notices that the jack arch does not run the full length as the door. In addition, the door trim, with the corner blocks, is of the Greek Revival style. Based on the trim, the doorway was a window that was changed between the 1830s and 1850s.

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

This was the house of George Rapp's adopted son, Frederick.

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

Pictured above is what is known as a Southern Federal - it is more Georgian in style, which would not be seen in Ohio. The doorway is of the Federal style. The original windows of the house would have been much smaller - 12 over 12 window panes.

Swift-Kinsman House, Kinsman

This 1828 house was built for Olive Kinsman Swift and her husband, George Swift. Olive passed in 1835. After George's death in 1845, the house was passed to George Bishop and later George Brakin. Senator Thomas Kinsman, Olive's nephew, purchased the house in 1905, where he resided until 1927. During his stay, Thomas renovated various parts of the house, such as changing the format of the stairs, and added outbuildings onto the property. The house is also known as Hickory Tree Inn, as it served as a restaurant and a place to rent rooms during the Great Depression.


Ownership passed to Richard and Susan Webb, who stayed at the house from 1973 to 2016. The house is now owned by Gary and Donna Moss. The Swift-Kinsman House is on the National Register of Historic Places.


Rebecca Nieminen, "Historical Home," The Vindicator, July 10, 2016.

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

The main entry way of the house, which dates to 1905. The woodwork is from 1828. The doorways to the side rooms would have originally been single doors.

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

The stairs would have originally been positioned against the right wall facing the back, rose up, then turn to the left.

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

The front-center of this house, which was built in 1828, has been modified - the Palladian window above the door; the window in the tympanum would have originally had an arch that mimicked the door. There was a porch added in the early 1900s, but was removed at some point later.

This house is moving way from the Federal Style, but has not been influenced by Greek Revival Yet.

Pictures by Brooke Bobovnyik

The design of the fireplace mantle and the window cornice in the parlor room.

Pictures by Brooke Bobovnyik

It is difficult to tell from this picture, but the chimney does not line up with the kitchen above. The kitchen was lengthened in the early 20th century.

Picture 2 shows the base of the extension on the far right side of the house.

Other Sites

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

This is an iron master's house. This was a place of business, but the workers lived here. This front entrance would have been the business entrance. The window panes on the bottom windows are incorrect for the time - they would have matched the window panes on the top windows.

This house, built in 1807, was later occupied by the grandparents and parents of President McKinley.

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

The form of this house in Lisbon, with no exterior ornamentation, places the house in the Federal style period.

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

This building in Burton dates back to 1824. The house contains a center chimney and a tripart staircase that goes up, turns to the right, across, then up.

The original windows would have been either 9 over 6 or 6 over 9 frames.

Picture by Brooke Bobovnyik

This house, located in Mesopotamia, is believed to be from the 1820s.