A thesis or dissertation outline is one of the most critical early steps in your writing process. It helps you to lay out and organize your ideas and can provide you with a roadmap for deciding the specifics of your dissertation topic and showcasing its relevance to your field.

Generally, an outline contains information on the different sections included in your thesis or dissertation, such as:

• Your anticipated title

• Your abstract

• Your chapters (sometimes subdivided into further topics like literature review, research methods, avenues for future research, etc.)

In the final product, you can also provide a chapter outline for your readers. This is a short paragraph at the end of your introduction to inform readers about the organizational structure of your thesis or dissertation. This chapter outline is also known as a reading guide or summary outline.

Table of contents

1. How to outline your thesis or dissertation

2. Dissertation and thesis outline templates

3. Sample sentences for your chapter outline

4. Sample verbs for variation in your chapter outline

5. Frequently asked questions about thesis and dissertation outlines

How to outline your thesis or dissertation. 如何提纲你的论文

While there are some inter-institutional differences, many outlines proceed in a fairly similar fashion.

1. Working Title 研究课题

2. Abstract 抽象的

   • “Elevator pitch” of your work (often written last).

3. Introduction 简介

   • Introduce your area of study, sharing details about your research question, problem statement, and hypotheses. Situate your research within an existing paradigm or conceptual or theoretical framework.

4. Literature Review 文献综述

   • Subdivide as you see fit into main topics and sub-topics.

5. Methodology 研究方法  
   (can differ between quantitative and qualitative research)

   • Describe your research methods (e.g., your scope, population, and data collection).

6. Results 结果

   • Present your research findings and share about your data analysis methods.

7. Conclusion 结论

   • Answer the research question in a concise way.

8. Discussion 讨论

   • Interpret your findings, discuss potential limitations of your own research and speculate about future implications or related opportunities.

Sample verbs for variation in your chapter outline. 

章节大纲中变化的动词示例。

As you draft the chapter outline, you may also find yourself frequently repeating the same words, such as “discuss,” “present,” “prove,” or “show.” Consider branching out to add richness and nuance to your writing. Here are some examples of synonyms you can use.

Sample sentences for your chapter outline 章节大纲的例句

It can be easy to fall into a pattern of overusing the same words or sentence constructions, which can make your work monotonous and repetitive for your readers. Consider utilizing some of the alternative constructions presented below. 

Example 1: Passive construction

The passive voice is a common choice for outlines and overviews because the context makes it clear who is carrying out the action (e.g., you are conducting the research). However, overuse of the passive voice can make your text vague and imprecise.

Example 2: IS-AV construction

You can also present your information using the “IS-AV” (inanimate subject with an active verb) construction.

A chapter is an inanimate object, so it is not capable of taking an action itself (e.g., presenting or discussing). However, the meaning of the sentence is still easily understandable, so the IS-AV construction can be a good way to add variety to your text.

Example 3: The “I” construction

Another option is to use the “I” construction, which is often recommended by style manuals (e.g., APA Style and Chicago style). However, depending on your field of study, this construction is not always considered professional or academic. Ask your supervisor if you’re not sure.

Example 4: Mix-and-match

To truly make the most of these options, consider mixing and matching the passive voice, IS-AV construction, and “I” construction.This can help the flow of your argument and improve the readability of your text.