Cystolitholapaxy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure to break up and remove bladder stones without the need for an incision. A surgeon inserts a cystoscope, a tube with a camera, into the bladder through the urethra to locate the stones. Then, instruments like a laser or other tools are used to fragment the stones into smaller pieces, which are then flushed or removed.  

What happens during the procedure?

• Anesthesia: The procedure is typically performed under local or general anesthesia, so you should not feel pain during the surgery. 

• Cystoscope insertion: A urologist will insert a thin tube called a cystoscope with a camera on the end through the urethra and into the bladder to see the stones. 

• Stone fragmentation: A specialized tool is passed through the cystoscope to break the stones into small pieces. This can be done using a laser, ultrasonic waves, or a mechanical "stone punch". 

• Stone removal: The fragments are then washed out of the bladder with fluids or removed with a suction device. 

• Potential for other procedures: In some cases, cystolitholapaxy can be performed at the same time as other procedures, such as those for an enlarged prostate. 

What to expect afterwards

• Recovery: Patients can often go home the same day. 

• Activity restrictions: You may need to avoid strenuous activities like heavy lifting, running, or cycling for a couple of weeks, and may need to avoid sex for 1-2 weeks. 

• Risks: There is a small risk of developing an infection or injury to the bladder. 

• Driving: You may not be able to drive for about a week after surgery.