Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) administration in a mouse model leads to a local mucosal inflammatory response, that can result in a loss of epithelial barrier function (EBF). The methods described by Pierre et al. “Parenteral Nutrition Increases Susceptibility of Ileum to Invasion by E. Coli.” The Journal of surgical research 183.2 (2013): 10.1016/j.jss.2013.01.054. combined with TPN can provide insight into the complex in vivo host-pathogen interactions that occur at the mucosal interface composed of multiple cell types. The protocol for making TPN is listed below.