For many years, these two processes took place within areas called “disciplines” or subjects. Traditionally, knowledge was developed within disciplines and curricula organized within discipline-based departments. However, the complexity of societal and scientific problems has required a change in this approach. Inter- and transdisciplinary approaches prove to be invaluable not only for scientists but – most of all – for all those involved in the learning process, from teachers and researchers to students as well as managers, administration and external institutions, enhancing the community itself.

Transversal competences, creativity and flexibility grow while these approaches afford deeper knowledge and a richer vocabulary to support a better understanding of other disciplines.