There is a lot of evidence that shows how biotechnology, which is the science of changing the biology of things, has a positive impact on poverty and hunger in countries such as China and India (Oliver, 2014). With genetically modified crops, staple crops are able to be produced and sold at a rate that keeps up with the high human demand for food. Staple crops, like wheat and corn, are the most commonly sold and grown foods. With climate change being a worldwide issue that is changing farming landscapes, crop production technologies such as genetic modification are almost a necessity for stability efforts and yield improvements in areas where these technologies are optimal. (Oliver, 2014).
Population
GMOs may also have benefits for the growing population. As time goes on and the global population continues to grow, so will the need for food, as it is a human necessity. One projection predicts the world population will grow from 7.7 billion people to 9.7 billion people by 2050 (Herman, Fedorova & Store, 2019). This increase in population will need larger amounts of food production. This food production would require more land area to produce the agriculture, but what if this amount of land needed isn’t readily available and accessible? As the population grows, the amount of land area available to grow crops will decrease.
As it becomes harder to find adequate amounts of land needed to produce enough crops for the growing population, genetically modifying organisms can help. These modern biotechnology techniques include transgene insertion and gene editing, which have, and will continue to, increase the agricultural productivity. Utilizing these tools can aid in alleviating the issue of a land shortage, as the population increases (Herman, Fedorova & Store, 2019).
GMOs also contribute to the production of insulin. The insulin that is currently being sold is a GMO because it is made up of different genetics. It works just as well as the insulin made in the human pancreas. Escherichia coli, which was genetically modified to help people diagnosed with diabetes, is a bacteria genetically modified to produce the hormone insulin. GMOs have also been found to help people with hemophilia. When Cells from hamsters are given a blood-clotting protein gene from humans, a blood-clotting protein that is used to treat people suffering from hemophilia can be created. ("Gmos: Good or bad for people and the environment?", 2018).
Another major benefit of GM crops is that they release less carbon emission into the air. As more and more plants become modified, for example to become insect repellent, there becomes less of a need for spray-on pesticides, as plants and crops already genetically possess the insect-repelling quality. Since there are fewer mass sprays of pesticides and herbicides across farmland, less carbon dioxide is entering our atmosphere.
GMOs also benefit production because they are richer in nutrients and tolerate the stress that the environment can have on the crop. GMOs increase production rates because modified crops produce food faster than crops without modifications are able to. Genetically modifying the crop also enables it to withstand severe weather conditions. Rain and snow may kill a normal crop, while a GM crop may be strong enough to withstand the weather (Philips, 2008).
Sources:
Image by ElasticComputeFarm from Pixabay. https://pixabay.com/photos/supermarket-stalls-coolers-market-949913/
Image by Myriam Zilles from Pixabay. https://pixabay.com/photos/diabetes-insulin-syringe-insulin-2130236/
Image by kie-ker from Pixabay. https://pixabay.com/photos/tomatoes-bio-balcony-rain-1561565/
Image by Gerd Altmann from Pixabay. https://pixabay.com/photos/sustainability-energy-apple-globe-3300898/
Gmos: Good or bad for people and the environment? (2018). In Helicon (Ed.), The Hutchinson unabridged encyclopedia with atlas and weather guide. Helicon. Credo Reference: https://rwulib.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/heliconhe/gmos_good_or_bad_for_people_and_the_environment/0?institutionId=1882
Oliver, M. J. (2014). Why we need GMO crops in agriculture. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6173531/.
Herman, R. A., Fedorova, M., & Storer, N. P. (2019). Will following the regulatory script for GMOs promote public acceptance of gene-edited crops? Trends in Biotechnology, 37(12), 1272-1273. doi:http://dx.doi.org.rwulib.idm.oclc.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.06.007
Phillips, T. (2008). Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs): Transgenic Crops and Recombinant DNA Technology. Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/genetically-modified-organisms-gmos-transgenic-crops-and-732/