City of Justice Roleplay Community

Charter of the Legislature of San Andreas

Effective Date: July 12, 2026
Last Revised: July 27, 2026

Article I — Establishment and Purpose

The Legislature of San Andreas is the highest collective legislative and administrative governing body of the City of Justice Roleplay Community, subject to the authorities, procedures, limitations, and protected principles established by this Charter.

The Legislature serves two distinct purposes.

Section 1 — In-Character Government

When acting In Character, the Legislature serves as the legislative authority of the State of San Andreas.

It is responsible for creating, amending, and repealing laws governing:

• Characters;

• Businesses;

• Courts;

• Departments;

• Agencies;

• Public offices;

• Government officials; and

• Other governmental entities operating within the roleplay environment.

Section 2 — Out-of-Character Administration

When acting Out of Character, the Legislature serves as the collective administrative governing body of the City of Justice Roleplay Community.

Its administrative responsibilities include:

• Server operations;

• Community policy;

• Department organization;

• Server resources;

• Economy policy;

• Development priorities;

• Community finances;

• Elections;

• Administrative appointments;

• Server security; and

• Long-term community direction.

The term Board of Directors is considered a legacy administrative term.

Unless specifically stated otherwise, references to the Board of Directors mean the Legislature of San Andreas acting in its OOC administrative capacity.

Section 3 — Composition

The Legislature operates as a joint legislative body consisting of:

• Senators;

• State Representatives; and

• Special voting offices expressly established by this Charter.

The Legislature shall preserve a reasonable distinction between IC government and OOC administration while permitting both systems to support one unified community.

Article II — Legislative Capacities

Section 1 — In-Character Legislative Authority

When acting In Character, the Legislature may:

• Introduce and pass state laws;

• Amend or repeal state laws;

• Establish criminal statutes;

• Establish civil statutes;

• Amend the San Andreas Penal Code;

• Establish licensing requirements;

• Regulate businesses and professions;

• Establish taxes, fees, fines, and penalties;

• Create government departments and agencies;

• Create public offices;

• Establish courts;

• Establish judicial offices;

• Establish court jurisdiction;

• Establish court procedures;

• Establish rules of evidence;

• Regulate state and local government operations;

• Approve public programs;

• Conduct legislative investigations;

• Hold public hearings;

• Issue legislative subpoenas through approved roleplay procedures;

• Confirm government appointments where required;

• Establish election procedures;

• Adopt Legislative Resolutions;

• Override or modify departmental regulations when authorized by law; and

• Establish other governmental structures reasonably necessary for operation of the State of San Andreas.

IC legislation applies only within the roleplay environment.

IC legislation may not:

• Create OOC punishments;

• Suspend or ban players from the community;

• Override community rules;

• Grant unauthorized server permissions;

• Require technical changes without appropriate administrative approval;

• Violate applicable platform requirements; or

• Require permanent character consequences without appropriate due process or player consent where required.

Section 2 — Out-of-Character Administrative Authority

When acting administratively, the Legislature may:

• Adopt or amend community policies;

• Approve or remove server resources;

• Approve major configuration changes;

• Establish department structures;

• Create or eliminate management positions;

• Approve administrative appointments;

• Establish staff procedures;

• Approve server expenditures;

• Regulate community finances;

• Regulate donations;

• Establish server development priorities;

• Approve economy changes;

• Establish election procedures;

• Review departmental performance;

• Establish or amend OOC disciplinary procedures;

• Approve partnerships;

• Approve community programs;

• Address server security;

• Address operational concerns;

• Establish technical policies; and

• Make decisions affecting the long-term direction of the community.

Administrative actions apply to the community and server and do not constitute criminal or civil law against characters unless separately enacted as valid IC legislation.

Section 3 — Separation of IC and OOC Authority

Every proposal shall be designated as one of the following:

• In-Character Legislation;

• Administrative Resolution;

• Legislative Resolution;

• Charter Amendment; or

• Combined Measure.

A Combined Measure contains both IC and OOC provisions.

The IC and OOC portions of a Combined Measure must be clearly identified.

When practical, they should be voted upon separately.

An IC disagreement shall not automatically result in OOC discipline.

An OOC administrative action shall not be disguised as IC legislation for the purpose of avoiding ordinary administrative procedures.

Article III — Membership

The Legislature consists of:

• Permanent Founder Senators;

• Community Manager Senators;

• Department Senators;

• Staff Department Senators;

• At-Large Senators;

• Department State Representatives;

• At-Large State Representatives; and

• The Ambassador to Cayo Perico.

Section 1 — Senators

Senators are the senior members of the Legislature.

Unless otherwise provided by this Charter, each Senator possesses two legislative votes.

Senators include:

• Founder Senators;

• Community Manager Senators;

• Department Senators;

• Staff Department Senators;

• At-Large Senators; and

• Other offices expressly designated as Senate seats by this Charter.

Section 2 — State Representatives

State Representatives are supporting legislative members representing departments, government offices, agencies, or geographic constituencies.

Each State Representative possesses one legislative vote.

State Representatives include:

• Assistant department heads;

• Deputy department leaders;

• Agency leaders designated as State Representatives;

• At-Large State Representatives; and

• Other offices expressly designated as State Representative seats by this Charter.

Section 3 — At-Large Delegations

Each recognized At-Large jurisdiction is represented by:

• One At-Large Senator possessing two votes; and

• One At-Large State Representative possessing one vote.

The recognized At-Large delegations are:

Jurisdiction

Senate Seat

State Representative Seat

Los Santos City

Los Santos City At-Large Senator

Los Santos City At-Large State Representative

Sandy Shores City

Sandy Shores City At-Large Senator

Sandy Shores City At-Large State Representative

Paleto Bay City

Paleto Bay City At-Large Senator

Paleto Bay City At-Large State Representative

Roxwood County

Roxwood County At-Large Senator

Roxwood County At-Large State Representative

Los Santos County

Los Santos County At-Large Senator

Los Santos County At-Large State Representative

At-Large legislators represent the general interests of:

• Residents;

• Businesses;

• Civilian organizations;

• Local communities;

• Infrastructure;

• Economic development;

• Public services; and

• Other community interests within their jurisdiction.

Geographic representation exists independently from departmental representation.

Section 4 — Ambassador to Cayo Perico

The Ambassador to Cayo Perico is a special legislative office representing Cayo Perico in administrative and intergovernmental matters.

The Ambassador is not a Senator.

OOC Measures

For a purely OOC Administrative Measure, the Ambassador possesses voting authority equivalent to a State Representative and therefore possesses one vote.

The Ambassador may vote:

• Aye;

• Nay; or

• Abstain.

IC Measures

The Ambassador possesses no voting authority on purely IC matters.

The Ambassador is excluded from eligible voting power and quorum calculations for purely IC votes.

Combined Measures

For any Combined Measure, the Ambassador is required to Abstain.

The Ambassador may not cast an Aye or Nay vote on a Combined Measure.

The Ambassador's required Abstention may count toward quorum but does not count for or against passage.

Where the IC and OOC portions of a Combined Measure are voted upon separately:

• The Ambassador may vote normally on the OOC portion; and

• The Ambassador has no vote on the IC portion.

The Ambassador may participate in legislative debate involving:

• Cayo Perico;

• Intergovernmental relations;

• Administrative policy affecting Cayo Perico; and

• Other community matters involving Cayo Perico.

Section 5 — Multiple Offices

A person holding multiple legislative offices exercises only the voting authority of their single highest legislative office.

Voting power may not be accumulated through multiple offices.

Examples:

• A Founder who is also a Department Senator possesses two votes.

• A Senator who is also a State Representative possesses two votes.

• An At-Large Senator who also serves as a Department State Representative possesses two votes.

• A person holding multiple State Representative positions possesses one vote.

• The Cayo Perico Ambassador receives no additional Ambassador vote while holding another legislative office of equal or greater voting authority.

Article IV — Founder Senators

The recognized Founders are:

• Tavish McCormick;

• Niko Reznov;

• Gunny Hartman; and

• Blake Revnant.

Each Founder holds a permanent seat as a Founder Senator.

Founder seats are not subject to:

• Regular elections;

• Department elections;

• At-Large elections;

• Appointments; or

• Term limits.

Section 1 — Suspension of Authority

A Founder's:

• Voting authority;

• Administrative authority; or

• Server permissions

may be suspended or restricted by a three-fifths majority vote of the entire Legislature.

The measure must identify:

• The authority being restricted;

• The reason for the restriction;

• Whether the restriction is temporary or indefinite; and

• Any conditions for restoration.

Section 2 — Removal from the Community

A Founder may only be removed from the community through a unanimous vote of all other eligible members of the Legislature.

The Founder subject to the proceeding:

• May respond to allegations;

• May present evidence;

• May participate in discussion; and

• May not vote upon their own removal.

Founder removal is reserved for extraordinary circumstances involving:

• Serious misconduct;

• Abandonment;

• Substantial harm to the community; or

• Conduct fundamentally incompatible with continued membership.

Nothing elsewhere in this Charter reduces the protections established by this Article unless Article IV itself is lawfully amended pursuant to the applicable protected amendment procedure.

Article V — Community Manager Senators

The Legislature may appoint any number of Community Managers reasonably necessary for community operations.

Community Managers hold Community Manager Senate seats for the duration of their appointment.

Section 1 — Appointment

A Community Manager must be appointed by a three-fifths majority vote of the Legislature.

The appointment should identify:

• Responsibilities;

• Areas of oversight;

• Administrative permissions;

• Reporting expectations; and

• Limitations of authority.

Section 2 — Removal

A Community Manager may be removed from office by a three-fifths majority vote of the Legislature.

Removal from the Community Manager office does not automatically remove the person from the community unless separately authorized through the appropriate disciplinary process.

Article VI — Department, Staff, and Geographic Representation

Recognized Departments are entitled to legislative representation through Senate and State Representative seats established by this Charter or subsequent lawful legislative action.

Recognized geographic constituencies receive representation through At-Large delegations.

Section 1 — Recognized Departments

A Recognized Department is a department, agency, governmental office, public-safety organization, or administrative organization that:

1. Existed as an established entity of the City of Justice Roleplay Community at the time the server was created; or

2. Was subsequently created, chartered, or formally recognized by the Legislature of San Andreas.

A department existing at the creation of the server does not require a separate Act of the Legislature to obtain recognized status.

The Legislature may create additional Recognized Departments.

A Recognized Department does not lose recognition merely because it is:

• Renamed;

• Reorganized;

• Restructured;

• Temporarily inactive;

• Merged with another entity; or

• Transferred between governmental structures,

unless the Legislature expressly abolishes or withdraws its recognition.

Section 2 — Staff Departments

The following are designated Staff Departments:

• Office of Professional Responsibility / Server Administration; and

• Department of Homeland Security / Civilian Management.

The leaders of Staff Departments are appointed by simple majority vote of the Legislature after quorum is established.

They are not elected through ordinary departmental elections.

Appointment as the leader of a Staff Department carries the Senate seat assigned to that office.

Staff Department Senators possess the same two-vote authority as other Senators.

Section 3 — Department of Justice

Government Office

Legislative Office

Attorney General

Senator

Assistant Attorney General

State Representative

FBI Director

State Representative

DEA Director

State Representative

United States Marshal

State Representative

The Attorney General Senate seat is an elected Department Senate seat unless otherwise established by law.

Section 4 — Office of Professional Responsibility / Server Administration

The Office of Professional Responsibility is a Staff Department.

Government Office

Legislative Office

OPR Counsel

Senator

OPR Special Agent in Charge

State Representative

The OPR Counsel is the leader of the Office of Professional Responsibility.

The OPR Counsel shall be appointed by simple majority vote of the Legislature.

The OPR Counsel may appoint the OPR Special Agent in Charge unless the Legislature establishes another procedure.

Section 5 — Department of Homeland Security / Civilian Management

The Department of Homeland Security is a Staff Department.

Government Office

Legislative Office

CBP Area Port Director

Senator

CBP Watch Commander

State Representative

The CBP Area Port Director is the recognized leader of the Department of Homeland Security / Civilian Management.

The CBP Area Port Director shall be appointed by simple majority vote of the Legislature.

The CBP Area Port Director may appoint the CBP Watch Commander unless the Legislature establishes another procedure.

Section 6 — Department of the Interior

Government Office

Legislative Office

National Park Service Director

State Representative

The Legislature may establish a Senate seat for the Department of the Interior through subsequent lawful action.

Section 7 — Los Santos County Sheriff's Office

Government Office

Legislative Office

Sheriff

Senator

Assistant Sheriff

State Representative

Section 8 — Roxwood County Sheriff's Department

The Roxwood County Sheriff's Department is a Recognized Department.

Government Office

Legislative Office

Sheriff

Senator

Assistant Sheriff

State Representative

The Roxwood County Sheriff Senate seat is subject to the same election, vacancy, inactivity, ethics, and representation provisions applicable to other elected Department Senate seats.

Section 9 — San Andreas State Police

Government Office

Legislative Office

Commissioner

Senator

Colonel of State Police

State Representative

Colonel of Highway Patrol

State Representative

Section 10 — Los Santos Police Department

Government Office

Legislative Office

Chief of Police

Senator

Assistant Chief of Police

State Representative

Section 11 — San Andreas Fire and Rescue

Government Office

Legislative Office

Fire Commissioner

Senator

Chief of Rescue Services

State Representative

Chief of Fire Services

State Representative

Section 12 — At-Large Geographic Delegations

The following geographic jurisdictions each maintain one Senator and one State Representative:

Los Santos City

Office

Legislative Office

Los Santos City At-Large Senator

Senator

Los Santos City At-Large State Representative

State Representative

Sandy Shores City

Office

Legislative Office

Sandy Shores City At-Large Senator

Senator

Sandy Shores City At-Large State Representative

State Representative

Paleto Bay City

Office

Legislative Office

Paleto Bay City At-Large Senator

Senator

Paleto Bay City At-Large State Representative

State Representative

Roxwood County

Office

Legislative Office

Roxwood County At-Large Senator

Senator

Roxwood County At-Large State Representative

State Representative

Los Santos County

Office

Legislative Office

Los Santos County At-Large Senator

Senator

Los Santos County At-Large State Representative

State Representative

Each At-Large Senator possesses two votes.

Each At-Large State Representative possesses one vote.

The At-Large Senator is the senior member of the geographic delegation.

Section 13 — Cayo Perico Representation

Cayo Perico is represented by the Ambassador to Cayo Perico.

The Ambassador's legislative authority is governed by Articles III and XI.

Section 14 — Territorial Structure

The recognized At-Large geographic constituencies are:

Cities

• Los Santos City;

• Sandy Shores City; and

• Paleto Bay City.

Counties

• Los Santos County; and

• Roxwood County.

Special Representation

• Cayo Perico.

A former or abolished territorial government possesses no legislative authority, representation, jurisdiction, or legal status under this Charter unless formally reestablished by the Legislature.

Article VII — Presiding Officers

The Legislature may elect:

• President of the Senate;

• President Pro Tempore of the Senate;

• Speaker of the House; and

• Clerk of the Legislature.

Presiding officers receive no additional voting power solely because of their procedural office.

Section 1 — President of the Senate

The President of the Senate:

• Presides over legislative sessions;

• Maintains order during debate;

• Schedules legislative votes;

• Certifies final vote results;

• Represents the Legislature during official functions; and

• Ensures legislative procedures are followed.

Section 2 — President Pro Tempore

The President Pro Tempore shall be selected from among the Senators.

The President Pro Tempore:

• Assists the President of the Senate;

• Presides when the President is unavailable;

• Coordinates Senate proceedings;

• Receives formal ethics matters involving Senators;

• Refers qualifying ethics matters for impeachment proceedings under Article XX; and

• Performs other procedural duties assigned by the Legislature.

The President Pro Tempore may not prevent an otherwise valid ethics or impeachment proceeding through refusal to act.

If the President Pro Tempore:

• Is the subject of the proceeding;

• Has a direct conflict;

• Is unavailable; or

• Refuses to make a required referral,

the President of the Senate or another Senator designated by the Legislature may perform the referral.

Section 3 — Speaker of the House

The Speaker of the House:

• Represents State Representatives;

• Assists with legislative scheduling;

• Coordinates debate;

• Coordinates committee assignments;

• Presides when both the President and President Pro Tempore are unavailable; and

• Presents concerns raised by State Representatives.

Section 4 — Clerk of the Legislature

The Clerk:

• Maintains legislative records;

• Publishes proposed measures;

• Records votes;

• Maintains the active San Andreas Code;

• Records amendments and repeals;

• Archives Administrative Resolutions;

• Publishes meeting notices;

• Publishes official results;

• Maintains election records;

• Maintains appointment records;

• Maintains legislative membership records; and

• Maintains voting eligibility and suspension records.

Article VII-A — Governor of San Andreas

Section 1 — Election

The Governor of San Andreas shall be elected by the Founder Senators.

Each eligible Founder Senator possesses one vote in the gubernatorial election.

A candidate receiving a simple majority of Founder votes cast shall be elected Governor.

If no candidate receives a majority, additional ballots may be conducted until a Governor is elected.

Section 2 — Term

The Governor serves until:

• Resignation;

• Removal or replacement by the Founder Senators;

• Permanent inability to perform the duties of office; or

• Another lawful succession established by this Charter.

A replacement Governor shall be elected through the same Founder voting procedure.

Section 3 — Authority

The Governor possesses executive and administrative authority granted by:

• This Charter;

• Acts of the Legislature;

• Administrative Resolutions; and

• Other lawful governmental rules.

The Governor does not possess permanent unilateral authority to override the Legislature.

The Governor may exercise Emergency Administrative Authority under Article XVII.

The office of Governor does not supersede authority expressly reserved to Founder Senators.

Article VIII — Legislative Measures

Section 1 — Bills

A Bill is a proposal to create, amend, or repeal IC law.

Once enacted, a Bill becomes an Act of the Legislature.

Bills should identify:

• Title;

• Sponsor;

• Purpose;

• Proposed legal language;

• Laws being amended or repealed;

• Effective date;

• Enforcement authority;

• Penalties or fees; and

• Required implementation.

Section 2 — Administrative Resolutions

An Administrative Resolution governs OOC server or community operations.

Administrative Resolutions may address:

• Resources;

• Policies;

• Staff structure;

• Department organization;

• Server settings;

• Economy changes;

• Development priorities;

• Community finances;

• Elections;

• Permissions; and

• Administrative appointments.

Administrative Resolutions do not constitute criminal or civil statutes against characters.

Section 3 — Legislative Resolutions

A Legislative Resolution expresses the formal position of the Legislature without creating a criminal or civil statute.

Legislative Resolutions may:

• Recognize individuals or organizations;

• Declare commemorative dates;

• Request governmental action;

• Establish committees;

• Authorize investigations;

• Express support or opposition; or

• Establish internal legislative procedures.

Section 4 — Charter Amendments

A Charter Amendment modifies:

• Government structure;

• Legislative authority;

• Voting procedures;

• Protected principles; or

• Other provisions of this Charter.

Charter Amendments require a three-fifths majority unless a higher threshold is specifically required.

Article IX — Introducing Legislation

A proposal may be introduced by:

• A Senator;

• A State Representative;

• A recognized legislative committee;

• A department through its legislative delegation;

• An At-Large delegation;

• A civilian petition sponsored by a legislator; or

• A government agency through a sponsoring legislator.

Every proposal should be published before final voting.

A proposal should identify:

• Sponsor;

• Purpose;

• Whether the measure is IC, OOC, or Combined;

• Exact proposed changes;

• Affected laws;

• Affected departments;

• Affected resources;

• Expected financial effect;

• Expected technical effect;

• Implementation date; and

• Required voting threshold.

Article X — Legislative Procedure

Section 1 — Introduction

A proposal shall be formally submitted and assigned a legislative number.

Examples include:

• SB-001 — Senate Bill;

• HR-001 — House Resolution;

• AR-001 — Administrative Resolution; and

• CA-001 — Charter Amendment.

Section 2 — Public Review

Proposals should remain available for review and discussion before final passage.

Public hearings may be held for significant IC legislation.

Departments, organizations, businesses, and members of the public may provide testimony or written comments.

Section 3 — Committee Review

The Legislature may refer proposals to committees for:

• Legal review;

• Financial review;

• Department consultation;

• Technical review;

• Public-safety review;

• Drafting corrections; and

• Impact assessment.

Committee review is recommended but not required for every proposal.

Section 4 — Amendment

Legislators may propose amendments before or during the voting period.

Material amendments shall be clearly published.

If an amendment substantially changes a proposal, the voting period should restart unless all eligible legislators agree otherwise.

Section 5 — Final Vote

Permitted votes are:

• Aye;

• Nay; and

• Abstain.

A tied vote fails.

Article XI — Voting, Eligibility, Quorum, and Legislative Inactivity

Section 1 — Eligibility

A person is eligible to exercise legislative voting authority only while actively holding an office carrying legislative voting authority under this Charter.

A person does not retain legislative voting authority merely because they:

• Previously held an eligible office;

• Retain an honorary title;

• Retain a former title;

• Retain an outdated Discord role;

• Retain outdated server permissions;

• Temporarily perform duties without formally holding the office;

• Claim an office already lawfully occupied;

• Have been removed;

• Have been impeached; or

• Have had their legislative voting authority suspended.

Voting eligibility may also depend upon the classification of the measure being voted upon.

Section 2 — Voting Power

Legislative Office

Voting Power

Founder Senator

2

Community Manager Senator

2

Department Senator

2

Staff Department Senator

2

At-Large Senator

2

Department State Representative

1

At-Large State Representative

1

Cayo Perico Ambassador — qualifying OOC measures only

1

Unless another threshold is required by this Charter, a proposal passes by a simple majority of votes cast after quorum is established.

Section 3 — Cayo Perico Voting Rules

The Ambassador to Cayo Perico possesses one vote on OOC Administrative Measures.

The Ambassador possesses no vote on IC legislation.

For Combined Measures, the Ambassador must Abstain.

The required Abstention may count toward quorum but does not count for or against passage.

When a Combined Measure is separated into independent IC and OOC votes, the Ambassador may vote on the OOC portion only.

Section 4 — Quorum

Quorum exists when more than half of the total eligible voting power for the specific measure before the Legislature is represented.

Abstentions count toward quorum but do not count for or against passage.

Persons whose voting rights are suspended are excluded from eligible voting power and quorum calculations during the suspension.

Section 5 — Voting Period

Unless otherwise authorized, voting remains open until the earliest of:

• Seven calendar days;

• All eligible members having voted; or

• The mathematical outcome becoming incapable of change.

Section 6 — Recusal

A legislator should recuse themselves when they possess a direct and substantial personal conflict of interest.

Recusal is particularly appropriate for matters involving:

• Personal discipline;

• Removal from office;

• Impeachment;

• Direct financial benefit;

• A legal proceeding involving the legislator's own character; or

• A departmental dispute in which the legislator is a principal party.

A recused member does not vote on the affected matter.

Section 7 — Legislative Inactivity

An elected Senator may be considered legislatively inactive when, without submitting an Aye, Nay, or Abstain vote, the Senator fails to participate in:

1. Three consecutive legislative votes; or

2. Ten nonconsecutive legislative votes within any rolling thirty-day period.

A vote is considered missed only when the voting period closes without an Aye, Nay, or Abstain having been submitted by that Senator.

Section 8 — Leave of Absence Exemption

An approved Leave of Absence is fully exempt from legislative inactivity calculations.

Votes occurring during an approved Leave of Absence:

• Shall not count as missed votes;

• Shall not count toward either inactivity threshold; and

• Shall not create grounds for an inactivity replacement proceeding.

Section 9 — Department Senator Inactivity Special Election

When an elected Department Senator reaches an inactivity threshold, the Senator's respective department may conduct an Inactivity Special Election.

The election determines whether another Senator shall serve the remainder of the existing term.

The incumbent remains in office until the election is certified unless the incumbent has separately:

• Resigned;

• Been removed;

• Been impeached; or

• Ceased to hold the qualifying office.

A simple majority of valid votes cast determines the result.

A replacement serves only the remainder of the existing term.

The special election does not reset:

• The six-month term;

• Term-limit calculations; or

• The original expiration date of the seat.

Section 10 — At-Large Senator Inactivity Special Election

When an At-Large Senator reaches either inactivity threshold, eligible voters within that Senator's geographic constituency may conduct an Inactivity Special Election.

The same rules applicable to Department Senator inactivity elections apply.

Section 11 — Appointed Senate Seats

Inactivity special elections do not apply to Senate seats filled through appointment.

A vacant appointed Senate seat shall be filled using the appointment procedure applicable to that office.

Article XII — Enactment and Publication of Laws

After a Bill passes:

1. The final text shall be certified by the Clerk;

2. The law shall be assigned an Act or statute number;

3. The active San Andreas Code shall be updated;

4. The effective date shall be published;

5. Affected agencies shall receive implementation instructions; and

6. The public shall receive reasonable notice.

Unless the measure specifies otherwise, a new law becomes effective seven days after publication.

Emergency legislation may become effective immediately when the measure:

• Clearly identifies the emergency; and

• Receives the required legislative vote.

No person should be prosecuted under a law for conduct occurring before that law became effective.

Article XIII — Repealing and Amending State Law

The Legislature may repeal or amend any state law not protected by this Charter.

A repeal or amendment should identify:

• The affected statute;

• Language being removed or changed;

• Replacement language where applicable;

• Effective date; and

• Effect on pending cases, licenses, or proceedings.

Repealing a criminal law does not automatically erase completed convictions unless the repeal expressly provides retroactive relief.

Courts retain authority to interpret the effect of amendments and repeals upon pending matters.

Article XIV — Elections and Appointments

Regular elections for elected Senate seats shall occur every six months unless otherwise provided by this Charter.

Section 1 — Department Senator Elections

Each electoral department shall elect its Senator by simple majority vote of eligible department members.

Eligible department voters include active members above trainee or probationary rank unless department policy establishes another reasonable eligibility requirement.

Staff Departments are excluded from departmental Senate elections because their leaders are appointed pursuant to this Article and Article VI.

Section 2 — Staff Department Leadership Appointments

The following Staff Department leaders shall be appointed by simple majority vote of the Legislature after quorum is established:

• OPR Counsel; and

• CBP Area Port Director.

A candidate is appointed when Aye votes exceed Nay votes.

Abstentions count toward quorum but do not count for or against appointment.

Appointment to either Staff Department leadership office carries the corresponding Senate seat.

Staff Department appointments shall be recorded and published by the Clerk.

Section 3 — At-Large Senator Elections

The following constituencies shall each elect one At-Large Senator:

• Los Santos City;

• Sandy Shores City;

• Paleto Bay City;

• Roxwood County; and

• Los Santos County.

Each At-Large Senator is elected by simple majority vote of eligible voters within the applicable jurisdiction.

Reasonable voter eligibility standards may include:

• Primary residence;

• Registered residence;

• Character residency records; or

• Other reasonable evidence establishing primary residency.

A character may vote in only one At-Large Senate constituency during the same regular election cycle.

Section 4 — Election Process

Each election should include:

• A nomination period;

• Verification of candidate eligibility;

• Verification of voter eligibility;

• A published candidate list;

• A defined voting period;

• A secure voting method;

• Certification of results; and

• A procedure for reporting irregularities.

Section 5 — Department State Representative Appointments

An elected Department Senator may appoint the person they consider best qualified to fill each State Representative position assigned to the department.

Where a department possesses multiple State Representative seats, the Senator may appoint each applicable officeholder.

Appointments should consider:

• Experience;

• Professional conduct;

• Leadership ability;

• Department knowledge;

• Availability; and

• Community trust.

Section 6 — At-Large State Representative Appointments

Each elected At-Large Senator may appoint one At-Large State Representative for their jurisdiction.

The At-Large State Representative possesses one legislative vote.

Appointments should consider:

• Community involvement;

• Knowledge of the represented jurisdiction;

• Availability;

• Professional conduct;

• Leadership ability; and

• Ability to represent residents and community interests.

The At-Large State Representative serves for the duration of the appointing Senator's term unless:

• The Representative resigns;

• The Representative is removed;

• The Representative is impeached or otherwise disqualified;

• The appointing Senator leaves office; or

• The Senator's term expires.

A newly elected At-Large Senator may retain or replace the existing State Representative.

Section 7 — Staff Department State Representatives

The appointed leader of each Staff Department may appoint the corresponding State Representative unless legislation establishes another appointment process.

Section 8 — Term Limits

Elected Department Senators and At-Large Senators serve six-month terms.

A person may serve no more than:

• Two consecutive terms; or

• One continuous year in the same elected Senate seat.

After reaching the consecutive-term limit, the person must sit out one complete election period before seeking the same Senate seat again.

There is no limit on nonconsecutive terms.

Service as a State Representative does not count toward a Senate term limit unless otherwise established by law.

Appointed Senate seats are governed by the duration of their qualifying appointment rather than elected term limits unless otherwise established.

Section 9 — Special Elections

Special elections required by this Charter shall use substantially the same procedures as regular elections unless circumstances reasonably require an expedited procedure.

A Senator elected through a special election serves only the remainder of the existing term.

Article XV — Vacancies

Section 1 — Department Senate Vacancies

When an elected Department Senate seat becomes vacant:

1. The corresponding State Representative may serve as Acting Senator;

2. The department shall conduct a special election within a reasonable period; and

3. The Acting Senator possesses Senate voting authority while formally acting in that capacity.

An Acting Senator exercises two votes and does not simultaneously exercise the State Representative vote.

Section 2 — Department State Representative Vacancies

When a Department State Representative position becomes vacant, the corresponding Department Senator may appoint a replacement unless another procedure specifically applies.

Section 3 — At-Large Senate Vacancies

When an At-Large Senate seat becomes vacant:

1. The corresponding At-Large State Representative may serve as Acting Senator;

2. The geographic constituency shall conduct a special election within a reasonable period; and

3. The Acting Senator possesses two Senate votes while formally acting in that capacity.

The Acting Senator does not simultaneously exercise the State Representative vote.

Upon certification of the special election, the Acting Senator returns to the State Representative position unless elected Senator or otherwise replaced.

Section 4 — At-Large State Representative Vacancies

When an At-Large State Representative seat becomes vacant, the corresponding At-Large Senator may appoint a replacement.

The replacement serves for the remainder of the Senator's term unless otherwise removed or replaced.

Section 5 — Staff Department Vacancies

When the office of OPR Counsel or CBP Area Port Director becomes vacant, the Legislature shall appoint a replacement through simple majority vote.

No departmental special election shall be conducted for a Staff Department leadership position.

The Senate seat remains vacant until a new leader is appointed.

Section 6 — Community Manager Vacancies

A vacant Community Manager Senate seat shall be filled through the appointment procedures established by Article V.

Section 7 — Cayo Perico Ambassador Vacancy

When the office of Ambassador to Cayo Perico becomes vacant, a replacement shall be selected according to the appointment or selection procedure established for that office by the Legislature.

Until filled, the Ambassador's voting power is excluded from applicable eligible voting-power calculations.

Article XVI — Legislative Committees

The Legislature may establish standing or temporary committees.

Committees may include:

• Judiciary Committee;

• Government Operations Committee;

• Public Safety Committee;

• Finance and Appropriations Committee;

• Transportation Committee;

• Commerce and Licensing Committee;

• Civilian Affairs Committee;

• Ethics Committee;

• Technology and Server Development Committee; and

• Rules Committee.

Committees may:

• Review legislation;

• Conduct hearings;

• Request records;

• Gather public input;

• Recommend amendments;

• Investigate government operations;

• Issue reports; and

• Refer proposals to the full Legislature.

Committees may not enact laws or permanent administrative changes without authorization from the full Legislature.

Article XVII — Emergency Administrative Authority

Section 1 — Authorized Officials

Emergency Administrative Authority may be exercised only by:

1. A Founder Senator; or

2. The Governor of San Andreas.

No other:

• Senator;

• State Representative;

• Community Manager;

• Department head;

• Administrator;

• Staff member;

• Agency official; or

• Government employee

possesses independent Emergency Administrative Authority merely because of their office.

A Founder or the Governor may direct another person to perform a specific technical or administrative action required to execute an emergency decision.

Any such action remains under the authority and responsibility of the Founder or Governor authorizing it.

Section 2 — Permitted Emergency Action

Emergency Administrative Authority may be exercised when immediate action is reasonably necessary to:

• Protect server security;

• Stop an active exploit;

• Restore critical server functionality;

• Prevent serious data loss;

• Address an immediate threat to the community;

• Prevent substantial operational disruption;

• Temporarily disable a compromised, broken, or dangerous resource; or

• Protect critical community infrastructure.

Emergency authority exists only where circumstances reasonably require action before normal legislative procedures can be completed.

Section 3 — Limitations

Emergency action must:

• Be limited to what is reasonably necessary;

• Be documented as soon as practical;

• Be presented to the Legislature for review;

• Avoid permanent changes where temporary action is sufficient; and

• Expire unless ratified within a reasonable period where continued action requires legislative authorization.

Emergency Administrative Authority may not be used to:

• Permanently bypass the Legislature;

• Avoid a vote merely for convenience;

• Settle personal disputes;

• Punish political opposition;

• Circumvent Charter protections; or

• Make unrelated permanent policy changes.

Political disagreement, delay, or opposition alone does not constitute an emergency.

Article XVIII — Protected Principles

The Legislature may not abolish or fundamentally alter the following principles through an ordinary legislative vote.

Section 1 — Real-Time Server Standard

The server shall remain synchronized to real time.

Punishment, sentence, suspension, waiting, and other periods intended to operate in real time shall remain based upon real time unless this Charter specifically permits otherwise.

Section 2 — Permanent Founder Seats

Permanent Founder Senate seats may not be abolished.

Section 3 — Legislative Government

The Legislature of San Andreas may not be dissolved or replaced by permanent unilateral rule of one individual.

Section 4 — Server Purpose

The server shall remain focused on:

• Serious roleplay;

• Detailed roleplay;

• Realistic simulation;

• Long-term character development;

• Public-safety and civilian interaction; and

• Meaningful legal and governmental systems.

Section 5 — ERS Integration

ERS integration shall remain a core server function.

The Legislature may approve:

• Updates;

• New versions;

• Compatibility layers;

• Supporting resources;

• Configuration changes;

• Expansions;

• Technical modifications; and

• Migration to successor implementations,

provided the essential purpose and functionality of the ERS system remains available.

Migration to a successor or equivalent implementation may occur where reasonably necessary for:

• Compatibility;

• Stability;

• Security;

• Performance;

• Continued development; or

• Maintenance.

Section 6 — Vehicle Handling

The server shall maintain realistic vehicle-handling standards.

Handling configurations may be:

• Adjusted;

• Balanced;

• Replaced; or

• Modernized,

but shall not intentionally convert the server into an arcade-style driving environment.

Section 7 — Emergency Lighting and Sirens

Server-sided emergency lighting and siren systems may not be completely removed.

The Legislature may modify:

• Siren tones;

• Lighting patterns;

• Control systems;

• Configurations;

• Approved equipment; and

• Resource implementations.

Section 8 — Donations

Donation rewards may not provide a material gameplay advantage over non-donors.

Prohibited advantages include:

• Exclusive weapons possessing superior performance;

• Increased income;

• Preferential legal treatment;

• Staff authority;

• Special criminal immunity;

• Exclusive access to essential gameplay systems; and

• Pay-to-win vehicles or equipment.

Permissible rewards may include:

• Cosmetic recognition;

• Supporter acknowledgments;

• Decorative items;

• Nonexclusive naming opportunities; and

• Personalized but balanced cosmetic content.

Section 9 — Practical Development and Technical Feasibility

All legislative, administrative, departmental, and community requirements involving development or technical implementation must be:

• Realistically achievable;

• Practically possible to implement;

• Reasonably compatible with existing systems; and

• Proportionate to their intended benefit.

A development requirement should not require unreasonable cascading modification of unrelated or dependent systems when the intended result can reasonably be achieved through a less disruptive method.

Development requirements should consider:

• Technical feasibility;

• Existing resource compatibility;

• Server stability;

• Performance;

• Development workload;

• Dependencies;

• Maintenance burden;

• Security;

• Implementation complexity;

• Reasonable implementation time;

• Effects on databases;

• Effects on integrations;

• Effects on related gameplay systems; and

• Availability of substantially equivalent alternatives.

A proposal should not require disproportionate redevelopment of functioning systems merely to implement a feature whose benefit is substantially outweighed by the required changes.

When necessary, the Founder Senators may make the final determination concerning whether a development requirement is:

• Practically possible;

• Technically feasible;

• Reasonable to implement;

• Compatible with existing systems; or

• Likely to create unreasonable cascading changes.

The Founders may determine that a requirement must:

• Be modified;

• Use an alternative implementation;

• Be delayed pending prerequisite work; or

• Be rejected as technically impractical.

A technical feasibility determination addresses implementation practicality and does not automatically resolve the policy merits of the underlying proposal.

Article XIX — Amending Protected Principles

Protected principles may only be altered through:

1. A formally introduced Charter Amendment;

2. At least fourteen days of public and legislative review;

3. A three-fourths majority vote of the entire Legislature; and

4. Approval from a majority of active Founder Senators.

Permanent Founder seats and the continued existence of the Legislature may not be abolished through amendment.

Article XX — Ethics, Conflicts of Interest, and Impeachment

Legislators shall act in the best interests of the community and the State of San Andreas.

Legislators may not:

• Use office to punish personal rivals;

• Trade votes for personal favors;

• Use OOC authority to improperly influence IC court proceedings;

• Use IC legislation to target a particular player;

• Conceal a direct financial conflict;

• Grant unauthorized benefits to friends;

• Use confidential administrative information for IC advantage;

• Threaten departmental consequences to control legislative votes;

• Retaliate against another legislator for a lawful vote;

• Use legislative authority for improper personal benefit; or

• Abuse legislative authority in a manner substantially contrary to the interests of the community.

Legislative debate may be political and adversarial.

OOC harassment, retaliation, threats, and intimidation remain prohibited.

Section 1 — Ethics Proceedings

A legislator accused of materially violating this Article is entitled to:

• Reasonable notice of the allegation;

• A description of the alleged conduct;

• An opportunity to respond;

• An opportunity to present relevant evidence;

• An opportunity to participate in discussion; and

• Recusal of persons possessing a direct and substantial conflict where reasonably necessary.

The accused legislator may not vote upon their own discipline or impeachment.

Section 2 — Consequences of Ethics Violations

A legislator determined to have materially violated this Article shall lose legislative voting rights for the remainder of the member's current term or appointment.

During the suspension:

• The member may not cast legislative votes;

• The member's voting power is excluded from quorum;

• The member's voting power is excluded from eligible voting-power calculations; and

• Acquiring another legislative office during the same term does not automatically restore voting authority.

Suspension of legislative voting rights does not independently remove the individual from an underlying departmental, government, staff, or administrative office unless otherwise authorized.

Section 3 — Referral for Impeachment

When an ethics violation involving a Senator is established, the President Pro Tempore of the Senate shall refer the matter to the full Senate for impeachment proceedings.

The referral should identify:

• The violation;

• Relevant evidence;

• Findings already made; and

• The Senator subject to impeachment.

Following Senate consideration, the matter shall proceed to the Legislature for final impeachment determination.

If the President Pro Tempore:

• Is the subject of the proceeding;

• Has a direct conflict;

• Is unavailable; or

• Refuses to make a required referral,

the President of the Senate or another Senator designated by the Legislature may initiate the referral.

Section 4 — Impeachment of Senators

A Senator may be impeached and removed from the Senate seat by a two-thirds majority of the Legislature's eligible voting power.

The Senator subject to impeachment:

• May respond;

• May present evidence;

• May participate in discussion;

• May not vote upon their own impeachment; and

• Is excluded from eligible voting-power calculations for that impeachment vote.

Impeachment removes the individual from the Senate seat.

Section 5 — Elected Senate Seats Following Impeachment

When an elected Department Senator or At-Large Senator is impeached, a special election shall be conducted for the remainder of the existing term.

The replacement:

• Assumes office upon certification;

• Serves only the remainder of the existing term;

• Does not receive a new six-month term solely because of the special election; and

• Remains subject to applicable term limits.

Section 6 — Appointed Senate Seats Following Impeachment

When an appointed Senator is impeached, the resulting vacancy shall be filled according to the appointment procedure applicable to that office.

Staff Department Senate vacancies shall be filled by simple majority vote of the Legislature.

Community Manager Senate vacancies are governed by Article V.

Section 7 — State Representatives

A State Representative found to have materially violated this Article may have voting rights suspended for the remainder of the applicable term or appointment.

Removal from the underlying office shall occur according to the procedures governing that office.

Section 8 — Founder Senators

Nothing in this Article reduces, overrides, or supersedes the protections applicable to Founder Senators under Article IV.

Where Article IV establishes a different or higher threshold concerning:

• Suspension;

• Restriction of authority;

• Removal; or

• Community membership,

Article IV controls.

Article XXI — Transparency and Records

The Legislature should maintain records of:

• Proposed Bills;

• Enacted laws;

• Repealed laws;

• Administrative Resolutions;

• Legislative Resolutions;

• Charter Amendments;

• Vote totals;

• Abstentions;

• Recusals;

• Election results;

• Special election results;

• Committee reports;

• Official appointments;

• Staff Department appointments;

• At-Large State Representative appointments;

• Ethics proceedings;

• Impeachment results;

• Legislative membership; and

• Suspensions of voting rights.

Sensitive administrative or security matters may be discussed privately.

Final actions should be published whenever publication does not compromise:

• Server security;

• Personal privacy;

• Active staff investigations;

• Protected technical information; or

• Confidential disciplinary records.

Article XXII — Governing Law, Judicial Precedent, and Court Procedure

Section 1 — Purpose

The City of Justice legal system is intended to function as a complete legal system without requiring the Legislature to separately recreate every real-world:

• Statute;

• Judicial doctrine;

• Court rule;

• Rule of evidence;

• Procedural law;

• Filing requirement;

• Appellate standard; or

• Legal definition.

When server law does not specifically address an issue, incorporated real-world law and precedent shall provide the default legal framework under this Article.

Section 2 — Hierarchy of Authority

The general order of legal authority within the City of Justice legal system is:

1. This Charter;

2. Charter Amendments;

3. Acts of the Legislature and other valid server-passed legislation;

4. Valid regulations and rules adopted pursuant to legislative authority;

5. Controlling in-game judicial precedent;

6. Applicable incorporated real-world federal law and federal precedent;

7. Applicable incorporated California law and California judicial precedent; and

8. Other persuasive legal authority where appropriate.

A specific server-passed law controls over a more general incorporated real-world rule when the two conflict.

Section 3 — California Law as Default San Andreas Law

Unless expressly modified, displaced, or otherwise addressed by this Charter or valid server-passed legislation, any matter governed by state law shall default to the applicable law of the State of California.

For purposes of the City of Justice legal system, applicable California law shall be treated as corresponding San Andreas law where San Andreas legislation establishes no different rule.

This incorporation includes, where applicable:

• Criminal law;

• Civil law;

• Contract law;

• Tort law;

• Property law;

• Business law;

• Corporate law;

• Employment law;

• Licensing law;

• Government law;

• Vehicle and traffic law;

• Evidence law;

• Civil procedure;

• Criminal procedure;

• Court jurisdiction;

• Filing requirements;

• Service requirements;

• Discovery;

• Motion practice;

• Trial procedure;

• Sentencing procedure;

• Appeals;

• Judicial administration;

• Statutes of limitation;

• Rules of Court; and

• Other procedural laws or rules necessary for operation of the judicial system.

The California Codes, California Rules of Court, and applicable California judicial decisions therefore operate as default San Andreas authority where no controlling server law provides otherwise.

Section 4 — State Court Procedure

Unless server law establishes another procedure, in-game state courts shall use applicable California procedural law and court rules as the default framework.

This may include rules governing:

• Commencement of actions;

• Charging procedures;

• Arraignments;

• Pleadings;

• Motions;

• Warrants;

• Discovery;

• Disclosure;

• Subpoenas;

• Evidence;

• Witnesses;

• Trial procedure;

• Jury procedure where applicable;

• Sentencing;

• Judgments;

• Appeals;

• Reconsideration;

• Service;

• Filing;

• Deadlines; and

• Judicial administration.

Procedures may be reasonably adapted when literal real-world implementation is impractical or impossible within the roleplay environment.

Section 5 — Federal Law

Real-world United States federal law is recognized within the City of Justice legal system for matters governed by federal law.

Unless modified by valid server-passed legislation, applicable:

• Federal statutes;

• Federal constitutional doctrines;

• Federal regulations;

• Federal procedural rules; and

• Federal judicial doctrines

may be applied within the roleplay legal system.

Section 6 — Federal Court Procedure

Where server law establishes no alternative federal procedure, in-game federal courts may apply applicable real-world federal procedural rules, including:

• Federal Rules of Civil Procedure;

• Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure;

• Federal Rules of Evidence;

• Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure;

• Filing and service requirements;

• Discovery standards;

• Motion practice;

• Trial procedure; and

• Appellate procedure.

Procedures may be reasonably adapted to practical roleplay limitations.

Section 7 — Real-World Federal Case Law

Real-world federal case law is recognized as case law within the City of Justice legal system.

Applicable federal judicial opinions may be:

• Cited;

• Argued;

• Relied upon;

• Applied;

• Distinguished; and

• Treated according to their ordinary place in the federal judicial hierarchy.

Real-world federal precedent serves as default federal case law except where superseded by controlling server legislation or valid in-game precedent as authorized by this Article.

Section 8 — United States Supreme Court Precedent

Decisions of the real-world United States Supreme Court constitute the highest incorporated real-world judicial precedent.

An inferior in-game federal court may not independently overturn controlling United States Supreme Court precedent.

A court may distinguish Supreme Court precedent when materially different facts or legal issues render the precedent inapplicable.

Section 9 — Ninth Circuit Precedent

Real-world decisions of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit shall serve as the default controlling federal appellate precedent within San Andreas where no controlling in-game authority exists.

Section 10 — In-Game Federal Precedent

The in-game federal judiciary may establish independent federal precedent.

An in-game federal court possessing appropriate authority may:

• Distinguish;

• Modify;

• Replace;

• Supersede; or

• Overturn

incorporated real-world federal precedent originating from courts up to and including the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.

Accordingly, applicable precedent originating from:

• Federal magistrate courts;

• Federal district courts;

• Other inferior federal courts; and

• The Ninth Circuit

serves as default authority until an appropriate in-game federal court establishes a different controlling rule.

Once valid controlling in-game federal precedent is established, it governs courts subject to that authority until changed by:

• A higher in-game court;

• A later controlling in-game decision;

• Valid server-passed legislation;

• A Charter Amendment; or

• Another lawful superior authority.

An inferior in-game court may not disregard controlling precedent established by a superior in-game court.

Section 11 — Other Federal Circuit Courts

Decisions of federal appellate courts outside the Ninth Circuit may be cited and considered according to their ordinary persuasive value.

Such decisions do not supersede:

• Applicable Ninth Circuit precedent;

• Controlling in-game precedent; or

• Server-passed legislation.

Section 12 — State Judicial Precedent

California judicial decisions may be used when interpreting California law incorporated into the San Andreas legal system.

In-game state courts may establish San Andreas precedent according to the judicial hierarchy established within the server.

Controlling in-game San Andreas precedent supersedes incorporated California precedent concerning the same issue unless a superior legal authority requires otherwise.

Section 13 — Unaddressed Questions of Law

The absence of a specific San Andreas statute does not mean that no law governs an issue.

When a matter is not specifically addressed by server-passed legislation, courts should determine:

1. Whether this Charter controls;

2. Whether server-passed legislation controls;

3. Whether controlling in-game precedent exists;

4. Whether applicable federal law governs the issue;

5. Whether incorporated California law supplies the applicable rule; and

6. Whether additional persuasive authority is necessary.

This provision is intended to ensure continuity and completeness within the City of Justice legal system.

Section 14 — Practical Adaptation

Real-world legal rules incorporated into the server shall be applied in a manner reasonably compatible with the limitations of roleplay.

Courts are not required to reproduce procedures that are technically impossible or manifestly impractical within the server.

Reasonable adaptations may account for:

• Player availability;

• Session duration;

• Technical limitations;

• Game mechanics;

• Server scheduling; and

• Available judicial resources.

Adaptations should preserve the substantive purpose of the underlying rule whenever reasonably practical.

Section 15 — Roleplay Limitation

The incorporation of real-world statutes, case law, court rules, judicial doctrines, and procedures under this Article applies solely to the fictional legal system of the City of Justice Roleplay Community.

Application of a real-world rule within the server does not determine any person's actual real-world legal rights or obligations.

Article XXIII — Final Authority

The Legislature of San Andreas is the highest collective legislative and administrative authority of the City of Justice Roleplay Community, subject to the protected powers, procedures, and limitations contained within this Charter.

Its authority is exercised through:

• Acts of the Legislature;

• Legislative Resolutions;

• Administrative Resolutions;

• Charter Amendments;

• Elections;

• Appointments;

• Committee oversight;

• Administrative authority granted by this Charter; and

• Government institutions lawfully established under this Charter.

The Legislature shall maintain a reasonable distinction between IC government and OOC administration while allowing both systems to support a unified, realistic, practical, and community-led server.

No:

• Legislator;

• Governor;

• Department;

• Agency;

• Court;

• Administrator;

• Staff member;

• Government official; or

• Other governmental entity

may exercise authority contrary to this Charter.

The Charter of the Legislature of San Andreas shall remain the foundational governing document of the City of Justice Roleplay Community.