Sumerian Civilization

Sumer was an ancient civilization founded in the Mesopotamia region of the Fertile Crescent situated between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Sumer was first settled by humans from 4500 to 4000 B.C., though it is probable that some settlers arrived much earlier. The Sumerian language is the oldest linguistic record. It first appeared in archaeological records around 3100 B.C. and dominated  for the next thousand years. It was mostly replaced by Akkadian around 2000 B.C. but held on as a written language in cuneiform for another 2,000 years. One of the larger Sumerian cities may have had 80,000 residents. One of the larger Sumerian cities may have had 80,000 residents.Since then, archaeologists have recovered numerous pieces of Sumerian art, pottery, and sculpture, as well as an astonishing number of clay tablets, estimated to be around 500,000 in total. (JL)

Akkadian Civilization

The first empire to rule all of Mesopotamia was the Akkadian Empire. The Akkadian Empire all came together because of Sargon the Great. Before Sargon the great ruled what he called Akkad, the region was a collection of different cities. These cities later band together and were all ruled by Sargon. After Sargon claimed Akkad, it was attacked buy Uruk. Sargon chose to fight back, which was a great success for Akkad that day. Akkad defeated and conquered Uruk, but Sargon wanted to expand Akkad even more. He planned to attack all of the Sumerian city-states. Over the next 200 years Akkad did expand. It expanded as far as Syria and the Mediterranean Sea! Once the empire of the Akkadians thought that they had all the power, the city of Ur rose up and caused Akkad to have a new ruler. Akkad grew weaker and weaker until one day in, 2,000 BCE, the Akkadian Empire fell and was fully conquered. (SM)

Babylonian Civilization

Mesopotamia “the land between two rivers,  gave birth to many great civilizations ,one of which was Babylonia.  was also the biggest civilization in Mesopotamia and also led to many great inventions like;  Sailing and Astrology being a few. It was a great place, some would say it was  the USA of 1400 BC. So with these great things these great things comes people who want to conquer. So here is a brief summary of their existence. c.2000 BC Babylon controls Mesopotamia. In 2000 BC Babylonia rose to power defeating the Akkadian. King Hammurabi of the Old Babylonian Empire. Which was conquered  by the Assyrians. After many years Babylonia resurfaced, and the new Neo Babylonia under King Nebuchadnezzar. Which 539 BC the legendary Persian King Cyrus the Great conquered Babylonia. Which led to there fall.

Babylon is in the southern part of Mesopotamia south of Assyria, north of Sumer. It was between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, occupied  from the present-day city of Baghdad south to the Persian Gulf. The Babylonians are most known for The Code of Hammurabi, The Tower of Babel, The Ancient Gardens of Babylon and much more. (WW)

Assyrian Civilization

The Assyrian empire began in 1365 B.C.E and you can find its location in the northern side of Mesopotamia. Assyrians were among the first to forge iron tools which gave them a slight advantage because other civilizations only had bronze tools. The Assyrian fell to the Babylonian for this amount of time 626–609 B.C.E) but escaped and later fell to the Mittani rule. When another group, the Hittites, rose to power and overthrew the Mittani rule, it left a power vacuum that sent the region into war and destruction. Around 900 B.C.E the new kings of Assyrians starting with Adad Nirari II, this king rose to the top and expanded the Assyrians empire.

After this event the Assyrian gained a lot of power and managed to maintain their superiority for hundreds of years. During this period of time, they were the first to build the chariot which provided great protection on a battlefield. These technological advancements allowed the Assyrian to go on offense and attack neighboring areas, which led to even more expansion of their land. They stayed at that position for years until something happened. Finally in the 600 B.C.E the Assyrians became too large to hold and it fell apart. (JT)