Defination:
Diseases or disorders occurring due to abnormalities in chromosomes and mutations in genes are called genetic disorders.
Chromosomal abnormalities include either increase or decrease in numbers and deletion or translocation of any part of the chromosome.
Examples are physical disorders like cleft lip, albinism and physiological disorders like sickle cell anaemia, haemophilia, etc.
Human beings have 46 chromosomes in the form of 23 pairs.
There is great variation in the size and shape of these chromosomal pairs.
These pairs have been numbered.
Out of 23 pairs, 22 pairs are autosomes and one pair is of sex chromosomes (allosomes). Chromosomes in women are represented as 44+XX and in men as 44+XY.