The chapter on life processes in living organisms explains how vital functions such as excretion and coordination take place. Excretion involves the removal of harmful substances like urea from the body, and in humans, this process is managed by the kidneys, part of the excretory system. Plants also excrete, although their methods differ, relying on processes like diffusion and shedding leaves.

The chapter also covers coordination within organisms, emphasizing the role of the nervous system in humans. Neurons transmit signals, allowing the body to respond to stimuli. The brain, divided into regions like the cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata, controls various functions, from voluntary movements to involuntary actions like breathing. Together, these systems maintain homeostasis, ensuring the body operates efficiently.

This chapter explains the basic concepts of genetics, heredity, chromosomes, DNA, and RNA, as well as Mendel's principles of heredity. It defines heredity as the transfer of traits from parents to offspring, which is controlled by genes in DNA. The structure and types of chromosomes, as well as DNA and RNA, are explained, including how they determine traits in living organisms.

It also introduces Mendel's principles of heredity, such as the principles of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment, which describe how traits are inherited. Furthermore, genetic disorders like albinism and sickle-cell anemia are discussed, highlighting their causes, symptoms, and inheritance patterns.