Excretory System: Excretory system is the system that removes the toxic waste from the body.
The human excretory system consists of a following.
Pair of kidneys
A pair of ureters
The urinary bladder
Urethra
Urine is formed by the kidneys by separating the waste and unwanted excess substances from the blood.
Nephron:
The functional unit of the kidney that performs the basic function of filtration is called a nephron.
Bowman’s capsule:
Each nephron has a cup-like, thin-walled upper part called the Bowman’s capsule.
Glomerulus:
The network of capillaries in it is called a glomerulus.
The urea produced in the liver comes into the blood.
When the urea-containing blood comes into the glomerulus.
It is filtered through its capillaries
And then urea and other similar substances separated from it.
Kidney:
The two bean-shaped kidneys are situated one on either side of the vertebral column, on the posterior side of abdomen.
The right kidney is in a slightly lower position than the left. Each kidney has approximately 10 lakh nephrons.
5 litre of blood which is present in a normal healthy person’s body is filtered by the kidneys about 400 times every day.
Thus, every day, the kidneys filter about 190 litres of blood from which about 1 to 1.9 litres of urine is formed.
The remaining liquid is reabsorbed.