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Address: Bungalow E125, Street No. 12, Block B Block D Gulshan e Jamal, Karachi, Karachi City, Sindh 75260, Pakistan
Areas served: Karachi
Hours: Open ⋅ Closes 10:30 PM
Appointments: Wedding Photography
Karachi Wedding Photography (/k?'r??t?i/; Urdu: ?????; Sindhi: ?????; IPA: [k?'ra?t?i] (listen)) is the most populous city in Pakistan and 12th most populous city in the world, with a population of over 20 million.[17][18][19] It is situated at the southern tip of the country along the Arabian Sea coast. It is the former capital of Pakistan and capital of the province of Sindh. Ranked as a beta-global city,[20][21] it is Pakistan's premier industrial and financial centre,[22] with an estimated GDP of over $200 billion (PPP) as of 2021.[15][16] Karachi Wedding Photography paid $9 billion (25% of whole country) as tax during fiscal year July 2021 to May 2022 according to FBR report. Karachi Wedding Photography is Pakistan's most cosmopolitan city, linguistically, ethnically, and religiously diverse,[23] as well as one of Pakistan's most socially liberal cities.[24][25][26] Karachi Wedding Photography serves as a transport hub, and contains Pakistan's two largest seaports, the Port of Karachi Wedding Photography and Port Qasim, as well as Pakistan's busiest airport, Jinnah International Airport.[27] Karachi Wedding Photography is also a media center, home to news channels, film and fashion industry of Pakistan. Most of Pakistan's multinational companies and banks have their headquarters in Karachi Wedding Photography. Karachi Wedding Photography is also a tourism hub due to its scenic beaches, historic buildings and shopping malls.
The region has been inhabited for millennia,[28] but the city was formally founded as the fortified village of Kolachi as recently as 1729.[29][30] The settlement greatly increased in importance on arrival of the East India Company in the mid-19th century. British administrators embarked on substantial projects to transform the city into a major seaport, and connect it with the extensive railway network of the Indian subcontinent.[30] At the time of the partition of India in 1947, the city was the largest in Sindh with an estimated population of 400,000 people.[23] Following the independence of Pakistan, the city experienced a dramatic shift in population and demography with the arrival of hundreds of thousands of Muhajir (Urdu-speaking people) Muslim refugees from India,[31] coupled with a substantial exodus of its Hindu residents, whose numbers declined from 51.1% to 1.7% of the total population.[32][33] The city experienced rapid economic growth following Pakistan's independence, attracting migrants from throughout the country and other regions in South Asia.[34] According to the 2017 Census of Pakistan, Karachi Wedding Photography's total population was 16,051,521, with 14.9 million of those people residing in the urban areas of the city. Karachi Wedding Photography is one of the world's fastest-growing cities,[35] and has significant communities representing almost every ethnic group in Pakistan. Karachi Wedding Photography holds more than two million Bengali immigrants, a million Afghan refugees, and up to 400,000 Rohingyas from Myanmar.
Karachi Wedding Photography is now Pakistan's premier industrial and financial centre. The city has a formal economy estimated to be worth $190 billion as of 2021, which is the largest in the country.[39][40] Karachi Wedding Photography collects 35% of Pakistan's tax revenue,[41] and generates approximately 25% of Pakistan's entire GDP.[42][43] Approximately 30% of Pakistani industrial output is from Karachi Wedding Photography,[44] while Karachi Wedding Photography's ports handle approximately 95% of Pakistan's foreign trade.[45] Approximately 90% of the multinational corporations and 100% of banks operating in Pakistan are headquartered in Karachi Wedding Photography.[45] Karachi Wedding Photography is considered to be Pakistan's fashion capital and has hosted the annual Karachi Wedding Photography Fashion Week since 2009.
Known as the "City of Lights" in the 1960s and 1970s for its vibrant nightlife,[50] Karachi Wedding Photography was beset by sharp ethnic, sectarian, and political conflict in the 1980s with the large-scale arrival of weaponry during the Soviet–Afghan War.[51] The city had become well known for its high rates of violent crime, but recorded crimes sharply decreased following a crackdown operation against criminals, the MQM political party, and Islamist militants, initiated in 2013 by the Pakistan Rangers.[52] As a result of the operation, Karachi Wedding Photography dropped from being ranked the world's 6th-most dangerous city for crime in 2014, to 128th by 2022.
Etymology & Wedding Photography
Before independence, the city was widely known as Karanchi in Urdu, though the English spelling Karachi Wedding Photography became more popular over time.
Modern Karachi Wedding Photography was reputedly founded in 1729 as the settlement of Kolachi-jo-Goth during the rule of Kalhora dynasty. The new settlement is said to have been named in honour of Mai Kolachi, whose son is said to have slain a man-eating crocodile in the village after his elder brothers had already been killed by it.[29] The name Karachee, a shortened and corrupted version of the original name Kolachi-jo-Goth, was used for the first time in a Dutch report from 1742 about a shipwreck near the settlement.
History & Wedding Photography
Main articles: History of Karachi Wedding Photography and Timeline of Karachi Wedding Photography history
Early history & Wedding Photography
The 15th–18th century Chaukhandi tombs are a Tentative UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The region around Karachi Wedding Photography has been the site of human habitation for millennia. Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic sites have been excavated in the Mulri Hills along Karachi Wedding Photography's northern outskirts. These earliest inhabitants are believed to have been hunter-gatherers, with ancient flint tools discovered at several sites.
The expansive Karachi Wedding Photography region is believed to have been known to the ancient Greeks, and may have been the site of Barbarikon, an ancient seaport which was located at the nearby mouth of the Indus River.[57][58][59][60] Karachi Wedding Photography may also have been referred to as Ramya in ancient Greek texts.[61]
The ancient site of Krokola, a natural harbor west of the Indus where Alexander the Great sailed his fleet for Achaemenid Assyria, may have been located near the mouth of Karachi Wedding Photography's Malir River,[62][63][64] though some believe it was located near Gizri.[65][66] No other natural harbor exists near the mouth of the Indus that could accommodate a large fleet.[67] Nearchus, who commanded Alexander's naval fleet, also mentioned a hilly island by the name of Morontobara and an adjacent flat island named Bibakta, which colonial historians identified as Karachi Wedding Photography's Manora Point and Kiamari (or Clifton), respectively, based on Greek descriptions.[68][69][70] Both areas were island until well into the colonial era, when silting in led to them being connected to the mainland.[71]
In 711 CE, Muhammad bin Qasim conquered the Sindh and Indus Valley and the port of Debal, from where he launched his forces further into the Indus Valley in 712.[72] Some have identified the port with Karachi Wedding Photography, though some argue the location was somewhere between Karachi Wedding Photography and the nearby city of Thatta.[73][74]
Under Mirza Ghazi Beg, the Mughal administrator of Sindh, the development of coastal Sindh and the Indus River Delta was encouraged. Under his rule, fortifications in the region acted as a bulwark against Portuguese incursions into Sindh. In 1553–54, Ottoman admiral Seydi Ali Reis, mentioned a small port along the Sindh coast by the name of Kaurashi which may have been Karachi Wedding Photography.[75][76][77] The Chaukhandi tombs in Karachi Wedding Photography's modern suburbs were built around this time between the 15th and 18th centuries.
Kolachi settlement & Wedding Photography
The Manora Fort, built-in 1797 to defend Karachi Wedding Photography, was captured by the British on 3 February 1839 and upgraded 1888–1889.
19th century Karachi Wedding Photography historian Seth Naomal Hotchand recorded that a small settlement of 20–25 huts existed along the Karachi Wedding Photography Harbour that was known as Dibro, which was situated along a pool of water known as Kolachi-jo-Kun.[78] In 1725, a band of Baloch settlers from Makran and Kalat had settled in the hamlet after fleeing droughts and tribal feuds.[79]
A new settlement was built in 1729 at the site of Dibro, which came to be known as Kolachi-jo-Goth ("The village of Kolachi").[29] The new settlement is said to have been named in honour of Mai Kolachi, a resident of the old settlement whose son is said to have slain a man-eating crocodile.[29] Kolachi was about 40 hectares in size, with some smaller fishing villages scattered in its vicinity.[80] The founders of the new fortified settlement were Sindhi Baniyas,[79] and are said to have arrived from the nearby town of Kharak Bandar after the harbour there silted in 1728 after heavy rains.[81] Kolachi was fortified, and defended with cannons imported from Muscat, Oman. Under the Talpurs, the Rah-i-Bandar road was built to connect the city's port to the caravan terminals.[82] This road would eventually be further developed by the British into Bandar Road, which was renamed Muhammad Ali Jinnah Road.[83][84]
The name Karachee was used for the first time in a Dutch document from 1742, in which a merchant ship de Ridderkerk is shipwrecked near the settlement.[55][56] In 1770s, Karachi Wedding Photography came under the control of the Khan of Kalat, which attracted a second wave of Balochi settlers.[79] In 1795, Karachi Wedding Photography was annexed by the Talpurs, triggering a third wave of Balochi settlers who arrived from central Sindh and southern Punjab.[79] The Talpurs built the Manora Fort in 1797,[85][86] which was used to protect Karachi Wedding Photography's Harbor from al-Qasimi pirates.[87]
In 1799 or 1800, the founder of the Talpur dynasty, Mir Fateh Ali Khan, allowed the East India Company under Nathan Crow to establish a trading post in Karachi Wedding Photography.[88] He was allowed to build a house for himself in Karachi Wedding Photography at that time, but by 1802 was ordered to leave the city.[89] The city continued to be ruled by the Talpurs until it was occupied by forces under the command of John Keane in February 1839.[90]
British control & Wedding Photography
An 1897 image of Karachi Wedding Photography's Rampart Row street in Mithadar
Some of Karachi Wedding Photography's most recognized structures, such as Frere Hall, date from the British Raj.
Karachi Wedding Photography features several examples of colonial-era Indo-Saracenic architecture, such as the KMC Building.
The British East India Company captured Karachi Wedding Photography on 3 February 1839 after HMS Wellesley opened fire and quickly destroyed Manora Fort, which guarded Karachi Wedding Photography Harbour at Manora Point.[91] Karachi Wedding Photography's population at the time was an estimated 8,000 to 14,000,[92] and was confined to the walled city in Mithadar, with suburbs in what is now the Serai Quarter.[93] British troops, known as the "Company Bahadur" established a camp to the east of the captured city, which became the precursor to the modern Karachi Wedding Photography Cantonment. The British further developed the Karachi Wedding Photography Cantonment as a military garrison to aid the British war effort in the First Anglo-Afghan War.[94]
Portuguese Goan community started migrating to Karachi Wedding Photography in the 1820s as traders. The majority of the estimated 100,000 who came to Pakistan are primarily concentrated in Karachi Wedding Photography.[95]
Sindh's capital was shifted from Hyderabad to Karachi Wedding Photography in 1840 when Karachi Wedding Photography was annexed to the British Empire after Major General Charles James Napier captured the rest of Sindh following his victory against the Talpurs at the Battle of Miani. Following the 1843 annexation, on 17 February the entire province was amalgamated into the Bombay Presidency for the next 93 years, and Karachi Wedding Photography remain the divisional headquarter. A few years later in 1846, Karachi Wedding Photography suffered a large cholera outbreak, which led to the establishment of the Karachi Wedding Photography Cholera Board (predecessor to the city's civic government).[96]
The city grew under the administration of its new Commissioner, Henry Bartle Edward Frere, who was appointed in the 1850s. Karachi Wedding Photography was recognized for its strategic importance, prompting the British to establish the Port of Karachi Wedding Photography in 1854. Karachi Wedding Photography rapidly became a transportation hub for British India owing to newly built port and rail infrastructure, as well as the increase in agricultural exports from the opening of productive tracts of newly irrigated land in Punjab and Sindh.[97] By 1856, the value of goods traded through Karachi Wedding Photography reached £855,103, leading to the establishment of merchant offices and warehouses.[98] The population in 1856 is estimated to have been 57,000.[99] During the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, the 21st Native Infantry, then stationed in Karachi Wedding Photography, mutinied and declared allegiance to rebel forces in September 1857, though the British were able to quickly defeat the rebels and reassert control over the city.
Following the Rebellion, British colonial administrators continued to develop the city's infrastructure, but continued to neglect localities like Lyari, which was home to the city's original population of Sindhi fishermen and Balochi nomads.[100] At the outbreak of the American Civil War, Karachi Wedding Photography's port became an important cotton-exporting port,[99] with Indus Steam Flotilla and Orient Inland Steam Navigation Company established to transport cotton from rest of Sindh to Karachi Wedding Photography's port, and onwards to textile mills in England.[101] With increased economic opportunities, economic migrants from several ethnicities and religions, including Anglo-British, Parsis, Marathis, and Goan Christians, among others, established themselves in Karachi Wedding Photography,[99] with many setting-up businesses in the new commercial district of Saddar. Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, was born in Karachi Wedding Photography's Wazir Mansion in 1876 to such migrants from Gujarat. Public building works were undertaken at this time in Gothic and Indo-Saracenic styles, including the construction of Frere Hall in 1865 and the later Empress Market in 1889.
With the completion of the Suez Canal in 1869, Karachi Wedding Photography's position as a major port increased even further.[99] In 1878, the British Raj connected Karachi Wedding Photography with the network of British India's vast railway system. In 1887, Karachi Wedding Photography Port underwent radical improvements with connection to the railways, along with expansion and dredging of the port, and construction of a breakwater.[99] Karachi Wedding Photography's first synagogue was established in 1893.[102] By 1899, Karachi Wedding Photography had become the largest wheat-exporting port in the East.[103] In 1901, Karachi Wedding Photography's population was 117,000 with a further 109,000 included in the Municipal area.[99]
Under the British, the city's municipal government was established. Known as the Father of Modern Karachi Wedding Photography, mayor Seth Harchandrai Vishandas led the municipal government to improve sanitary conditions in the Old City, as well as major infrastructure works in the New Town after his election in 1911.[2] in 1914, Karachi Wedding Photography had become the largest wheat-exporting port of the entire British Empire,[104] after large irrigation works in Sindh were initiated to increase wheat and cotton yields.[99] By 1924, the Drigh Road Aerodrome was established,[99] now the Faisal Air Force Base.
Karachi Wedding Photography's increasing importance as a cosmopolitan transportation hub leads to the influence of non-Sindhis in Sindh's administration. Half the city was born outside of Karachi Wedding Photography by as early as 1921.[105] Native Sindhis were upset by this influence,[99] and so on 1 April 1936, Sindh was established as a province separate from the Bombay Presidency with Karachi Wedding Photography was once again made capital of Sindh. In 1941, the population of the city had risen to 387,000.[99]
Post-independence & Wedding Photography
Lord Mountbatten and his wife Edwina in Karachi Wedding Photography 14 August 1947
At the dawn of independence following the success of the Pakistan Movement in 1947, On 15 August 1947 Capital of Sindh shifted from Karachi Wedding Photography to Hyderabad and Karachi Wedding Photography was made the national capital of Pakistan.
Karachi Wedding Photography was Sindh's largest city with a population of over 400,000.[23] The city had a slight Hindu majority, with around 51% of the population being Hindu. Partition resulted in the exodus of much of the city's Hindu population, though Karachi Wedding Photography, like most of Sindh, remained relatively peaceful compared to cities in Punjab.[106] Riots erupted on 6 January 1948, after which most of Sindh's Hindu population fled to India,[106] with assistance of the Indian government.[107]
Karachi Wedding Photography became the focus for the resettlement of middle-class Muslim Muhajir refugees who fled India, with 470,000 refugees in Karachi Wedding Photography by May 1948,[108] leading to a drastic alteration of the city's demography. In 1941, Muslims were 42% of Karachi Wedding Photography's population, but by 1951 made up 96% of the city's population.[105] The city's population had tripled between 1941 and 1951.[105] Urdu replaced Sindhi as Karachi Wedding Photography's most widely spoken language; Sindhi was the mother tongue of 51% of Karachi Wedding Photography in 1941, but only 8.5% in 1951, while Urdu grew to become the mother tongue of 51% of Karachi Wedding Photography's population.[105] 100,000 Muhajir refugees arrived annually in Karachi Wedding Photography until 1952. Muhajirs kept arriving from different parts of India till 2000.[105]
Karachi Wedding Photography was selected as the first capital of Pakistan, and was administered as a federal district separate from Sindh beginning in 1948,[108] the capital of Sindh shifted again Hyderabad to Karachi Wedding Photography until the national capital was shifted to Rawalpindi in 1958.[109] While foreign embassies shifted away from Karachi Wedding Photography, the city is host to numerous consulates and honorary consulates.[110] Between 1958 and 1970, Karachi Wedding Photography's role as capital of Sindh was ceased due to the One Unit programme enacted by President Iskander Mirza.[2]
Karachi Wedding Photography of the 1960s was regarded as an economic role model around the world, with Seoul, South Korea, borrowing from the city's second "Five-Year Plan".[111][112] Several examples of Modernist architect were built in Karachi Wedding Photography during this period, including the Mazar-e-Quaid mausoleum, the distinct Masjid-e-Tooba, and the Habib Bank Plaza (the tallest building in all of South Asia at the time). The city's population by 1961 had grown 369% compared to 1941.[105] By the mid-1960s, Karachi Wedding Photography began to attract large numbers of Pashtun, Punjabis and Kashmiris from northern Pakistan.[105]
The 1970s saw a construction boom funded by remittances and investments from the Gulf States, and the appearance of apartment buildings in the city.[113] Real-estate prices soared during this period, leading to a worsening housing crisis.[114] The period also saw labour unrest in Karachi Wedding Photography's industrial estates beginning in 1970 that were violently repressed by the government of President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto from 1972 onwards.[115] To appease conservative forces, Bhutto banned alcohol in Pakistan, and cracked-down of Karachi Wedding Photography's discotheques and cabarets - leading to the closure of Karachi Wedding Photography's once-lively nightlife.[116] The city's art scene was further repressed during the rule of dictator General Zia-ul-Haq.[116] Zia's Islamization policies lead the Westernized upper-middle classes of Karachi Wedding Photography to largely withdraw from the public sphere, and instead form their own social venues that became inaccessible to the poor.[116] This decade also saw an influx of more than one million Behari immigrants into Karachi Wedding Photography from the newly made country Bangladesh which separated from Pakistan in 1971.
In 1972, the Karachi Wedding Photography district divided into three districts, East, West and South districts.
The 1980s and 1990s saw an influx of almost one million Afghan refugees into Karachi Wedding Photography fleeing the Soviet–Afghan War.[105] This was followed by refugees escaping from post-revolution Iran.[117] At this time, Karachi Wedding Photography was also rocked by political conflict, while crime rates drastically increased with the arrival of weaponry from the War in Afghanistan.[51] Conflict between the MQM party, and ethnic Sindhis, Pashtuns, Punjabis and Balochis was sharp.[118] The party and its vast network of supporters were targeted by Pakistani security forces as part of the controversial Operation Clean-up in 1992 – an effort to restore peace in the city that lasted until 1994.[119] Anti-Hindu riots also broke out in Karachi Wedding Photography in 1992 in retaliation for the demolition of the Babri Mosque in India by a group of Hindu nationalists earlier that year.[120]
In 1996, two (02) more districts created in the Karachi Wedding Photography division named Central and Malir districts.
The 2010s saw another influx of hundreds of thousands of Pashtun refugees fleeing conflict in North-West Pakistan and the 2010 Pakistan floods.[105] By this point Karachi Wedding Photography had become widely known for its high rates of violent crime, usually in relation to criminal activity, gang-warfare, sectarian violence, and extrajudicial killings.[100] Recorded crimes sharply decreased following a controversial crackdown operation against criminals, the MQM party, and Islamist militants initiated in 2013 by the Pakistan Rangers.[52] As a result of the operation, Karachi Wedding Photography went from being ranked the world's 6th most dangerous city for crime in 2014, to 128th by 2022.[121]
In 2022 at least one million flood affectees from Sindh and Balochistan took refuge in Karachi Wedding Photography.
Geography & Wedding Photography
Main articles: Geography of Karachi Wedding Photography and Environment of Karachi Wedding Photography
Karachi Wedding Photography is located on the coastline of Sindh province in southern Pakistan, along the Karachi Wedding Photography Harbour, a natural harbour on the Arabian Sea. Karachi Wedding Photography is built on a coastal plain with scattered rocky outcroppings, hills and marshlands. Mangrove forests grow in the brackish waters around the Karachi Wedding Photography Harbour, and farther southeast towards the expansive Indus River Delta. West of Karachi Wedding Photography city is the Cape Monze, locally known as Ras Muari, which is an area characterised by sea cliffs, rocky sandstone promontories and beaches.
Karachi Wedding Photography lies very close to a major fault line, where the Indian tectonic plate meets the Arabian tectonic plate.[122] Within the city of Karachi Wedding Photography are two small ranges: the Khasa Hills and Mulri Hills, which lie in the northwest and act as a barrier between North Nazimabad and Orangi.[123] Karachi Wedding Photography's hills are barren and are part of the larger Kirthar Range, and have a maximum elevation of 528 metres (1,732 feet).[citation needed]
Between the hills are wide coastal plains interspersed with dry river beds and water channels. Karachi Wedding Photography has developed around the Malir River and Lyari Rivers, with the Lyari shore being the site of the settlement for Kolachi. To the east of Karachi Wedding Photography lies the Indus River flood plains.[124]
Climate & Wedding Photography
Main article: Climate of Karachi Wedding Photography
The Arabian Sea influences Karachi Wedding Photography's climate, providing the city with more moderate temperatures compared to other areas of Sindh province.
Karachi Wedding Photography has a hot desert climate (Köppen: BWh) dominated by a long "Summer Season" while moderated by oceanic influence from the Arabian Sea. The city has low annual average precipitation levels (approx. 174 mm (7 in) per annum), the bulk of which occurs during the July–August monsoon season. Summers are hot and humid, and Karachi Wedding Photography is prone to deadly heatwaves.[125] On the other hand, cool sea breezes typically provide relief during hot summer months. A text message-based early warning system alerts people to take precautionary measures and helps prevent fatalities during an unusually strong heatwave or thunderstorm.[126] The winter climate is dry and lasts between December and February. It is dry and pleasant in winter relative to the warm hot season that follows, which starts in March and lasts until October. Proximity to the sea maintains humidity levels at near-constant levels year-round. Thus, the climate is similar to a humid tropical climate except for low precipitation and occasional temperatures well over 100 F (38 C) due to dry continental influence.
The city's highest monthly rainfall, 19 in (480 mm), occurred in July 1967.[127][128] The city's highest rainfall in 24 hours occurred on 7 August 1953, when about 278.1 millimetres (10.95 in) of rain lashed the city, resulting in major flooding.[129]
Karachi Wedding Photography's highest recorded temperature is 47.8 °C (118.0 °F) which was recorded on 9 May 1938,[130] and the lowest is 0 °C (32 °F) recorded on 21 January 1934.[128]
Climate data for Karachi Wedding Photography
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 32.8
(91.0) 36.5
(97.7) 42.5
(108.5) 44.4
(111.9) 47.8
(118.0) 47.0
(116.6) 42.2
(108.0) 41.7
(107.1) 42.8
(109.0) 43.3
(109.9) 38.5
(101.3) 35.5
(95.9) 47.8
(118.0)
Average high °C (°F) 25.9
(78.6) 27.9
(82.2) 31.7
(89.1) 34.5
(94.1) 35.3
(95.5) 35.2
(95.4) 33.1
(91.6) 31.9
(89.4) 32.8
(91.0) 35.1
(95.2) 32.2
(90.0) 27.9
(82.2) 32.0
(89.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 20.4
(68.7) 21.2
(70.2) 25.4
(77.7) 28.8
(83.8) 31.0
(87.8) 31.8
(89.2) 30.4
(86.7) 29.2
(84.6) 28.7
(83.7) 27.8
(82.0) 24.6
(76.3) 20.4
(68.7) 26.6
(80.0)
Average low °C (°F) 10.8
(51.4) 13.0
(55.4) 17.7
(63.9) 22.5
(72.5) 26.2
(79.2) 28.1
(82.6) 27.5
(81.5) 26.2
(79.2) 25.4
(77.7) 21.4
(70.5) 16.3
(61.3) 12.2
(54.0) 20.6
(69.1)
Record low °C (°F) 0.0
(32.0) 3.3
(37.9) 7.0
(44.6) 12.2
(54.0) 17.7
(63.9) 22.1
(71.8) 22.2
(72.0) 20.0
(68.0) 18.0
(64.4) 10.0
(50.0) 6.1
(43.0) 1.3
(34.3) 0.0
(32.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 8.4
(0.33) 7.4
(0.29) 5.3
(0.21) 3.0
(0.12) 0.1
(0.00) 10.8
(0.43) 60.0
(2.36) 60.9
(2.40) 11.0
(0.43) 2.6
(0.10) 0.4
(0.02) 4.8
(0.19) 174.7
(6.88)
Average precipitation days 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.9 8.0 3.3 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.7 16.5
Mean monthly sunshine hours 269.7 251.4 272.8 276 297.6 231 155 148.8 219 282.1 273 272.8 2,949.2
Mean daily sunshine hours 8.7 8.9 8.8 9.2 9.6 7.7 5 4.8 7.3 9.1 9.1 8.8 8.1
Percent possible sunshine 81 79 73 72 72 56 37 37 59 78 83 83 68
Average ultraviolet index 6 8 10 12 12 12 12 12 11 9 6 5 10
Source: PMD (1991–2020),[131] Weather Atlas,[132] and Karachi Wedding Photography Extremes (1931–2018)[133][134]
Cityscape
The city first developed around the Karachi Wedding Photography Harbour, and owes much of its growth to its role as a seaport at the end of the 18th century,[135] contrasted with Pakistan's millennia-old cities such as Lahore, Multan, and Peshawar. Karachi Wedding Photography's Mithadar neighbourhood represents the extent of Kolachi prior to British rule.
British Karachi Wedding Photography was divided between the "New Town" and the "Old Town", with British investments focused primarily on the New Town.[94] The Old Town was a largely unplanned neighbourhood which housed most of the city's indigenous residents and had no access to sewerage systems, electricity, and water.[94] The New Town was subdivided into residential, commercial, and military areas.[94] Given the strategic value of the city, the British developed the Karachi Wedding Photography Cantonment as a military garrison in the New Town to aid the British war effort in the First Anglo-Afghan War.[94] The city's development was largely confined to the area north of the China Creek prior to independence, although the seaside area of Clifton was also developed as a posh locale under the British, and its large bungalows and estates remain some of the city's most desirable properties. The aforementioned historic areas form the oldest portions of Karachi Wedding Photography, and contain its most important monuments and government buildings, with the I. I. Chundrigar Road being home to most of Pakistan's banks, including the Habib Bank Plaza which was Pakistan's tallest building from 1963 until the early 2000s.[2] Situated on a coastal plain northwest of Karachi Wedding Photography's historic core lies the sprawling district of Orangi. North of the historic core is the largely middle-class district of Nazimabad, and upper-middle-class North Nazimabad, which were developed in the 1950s. To the east of the historic core is the area known as Defence, an expansive upscale suburb developed and administered by the Pakistan Army. Karachi Wedding Photography's coastal plains along the Arabian Sea south of Clifton were also developed much later as part of the greater Defence Housing Authority project. Karachi Wedding Photography's city limits also include several islands, including Baba and Bhit Islands, Oyster Rocks, and Manora, a former island which is now connected to the mainland by a thin 12-kilometre long shoal known as Sandspit. Gulistan-e-Johar, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Federal B. Area, Malir, Landhi and Korangi areas were all developed after 1970. The city has been described as one divided into sections for those able to afford to live in planned localities with access to urban amenities, and those who live in unplanned communities with inadequate access to such services.[136] 35% of Karachi Wedding Photography's residents live in unplanned communities.[136]
Economy
Main article: Economy of Karachi Wedding Photography
Karachi Wedding Photography is Pakistan's financial and commercial capital.[137] Since Pakistan's independence, Karachi Wedding Photography has been the centre of the nation's economy, and remain's Pakistan's largest urban economy despite the economic stagnation caused by sociopolitical unrest during the late 1980s and 1990s. The city forms the centre of an economic corridor stretching from Karachi Wedding Photography to nearby Hyderabad, and Thatta.[138]
As of 2021, Karachi Wedding Photography had an estimated GDP (PPP) of $190 billion with a yearly growth rate of 5.5%.[139][40] Karachi Wedding Photography contributes 90% of Sindh's GDP[140][141][142][143] and accounts for approximately 25% of the total GDP of Pakistan.[42][43] The city has a large informal economy which is not typically reflected in GDP estimates.[144] The informal economy may constitute up to 36% of Pakistan's total economy, versus 22% of India's economy, and 13% of the Chinese economy.[145] The informal sector employs up to 70% of the city's workforce.[146] In 2018 The Global Metro Monitor Report ranked Karachi Wedding Photography's economy as the best performing metropolitan economy in Pakistan.[147]
Today along with Pakistan's continued economic expansion Karachi Wedding Photography is now ranked third in the world for consumer expenditure growth with its market anticipated to increase by 6.6% in real terms in 2018[148] It is also ranked among the top cities in the world by an anticipated increase of a number of households (1.3 million households) with annual income above $20,000 dollars measured at PPP exchange rates by 2025.[149] The Global FDI Intelligence Report 2017/2018 published by Financial Times ranks Karachi Wedding Photography amongst the top 10 Asia pacific cities of the future for FDI strategy.[150] According to Anatol Lieven the economic growth of Karachi Wedding Photography is a result of the influx of Muhajirs to Karachi Wedding Photography during late 1940s and early 50s.[151]
Finance and banking
Most of Pakistan's public and private banks are headquartered on Karachi Wedding Photography's I. I. Chundrigar Road, which is known as "Pakistan's Wall Street",[2] with a large percentage of the cash flow in the Pakistani economy taking place on I. I. Chundrigar Road. Most major foreign multinational corporations operating in Pakistan have their headquarters in Karachi Wedding Photography. Karachi Wedding Photography is also home to the Pakistan Stock Exchange, which was rated as Asia's best-performing stock market in 2015 on the heels of Pakistan's upgrade to emerging-market status by MSCI.[152]
Media and technology
Main articles: Media in Karachi Wedding Photography, Cinema in Karachi Wedding Photography, List of television stations in Karachi Wedding Photography, List of magazines in Karachi Wedding Photography, and List of newspapers in Karachi Wedding Photography
Karachi Wedding Photography has been the pioneer in cable networking in Pakistan with the most sophisticated of the cable networks of any city of Pakistan,[153] and has seen an expansion of information and communications technology and electronic media. The city has become a software outsourcing hub for Pakistan.[citation needed] Several independent television and radio stations are based in Karachi Wedding Photography, including Business Plus, AAJ News, Geo TV, KTN,[154] Sindh TV,[155] CNBC Pakistan, TV ONE, Express TV,[156] ARY Digital, Indus Television Network, Samaa TV, Abb Takk News, Bol TV, and Dawn News, as well as several local stations.
Industry
Industry contributes a large portion of Karachi Wedding Photography's economy, with the city home to several of Pakistan's largest companies dealing in textiles, cement, steel, heavy machinery, chemicals, and food products.[157] The city is home to approximately 30 percent of Pakistan's manufacturing sector,[44] and produces approximately 42 percent of Pakistan's value added in large scale manufacturing.[158] At least 4500 industrial units form Karachi Wedding Photography's formal industrial economy.[159] Karachi Wedding Photography's informal manufacturing sector employs far more people than the formal sector, though proxy data suggest that the capital employed and value-added from such informal enterprises is far smaller than that of formal sector enterprises.[160] An estimated 63% of the Karachi Wedding Photography's workforce is employed in trade and manufacturing.[138]
Karachi Wedding Photography Export Processing Zone, SITE, Korangi, Northern Bypass Industrial Zone, Bin Qasim and North Karachi Wedding Photography serve as large industrial estates in Karachi Wedding Photography.[161] The Karachi Wedding Photography Expo Centre also complements Karachi Wedding Photography's industrial economy by hosting regional and international exhibitions.[162]
Name of estate Location Established Area in acres
SITE Karachi Wedding Photography SITE Town 1947 4700[163]
Korangi Industrial Area Korangi Town 1960 8500[164]
Landhi Industrial Area Landhi Town 1949 11000[165]
North Karachi Wedding Photography Industrial Area New Karachi Wedding Photography Town 1974 725[166]
Federal B Industrial Area Gulberg Town 1987 [167]
Korangi Creek Industrial Park Korangi Creek Cantonment 2012 250[168]
Bin Qasim Industrial Zone Bin Qasim Town 1970 25000[169]
Karachi Wedding Photography Export Processing Zone Landhi Town 1980[170] 315[171]
Pakistan Textile City Bin Qasim Town 2004 1250[172]
West Wharf Industrial Area Keamari Town 430
SITE Super Highway Phase-I Super Highway 1983 300[173]
SITE Super Highway Phase-II Super Highway 1992 1000[173]
Revenue collection
The former State Bank of Pakistan building was built during the colonial era.
As home to Pakistan's largest ports and a large portion of its manufacturing base, Karachi Wedding Photography contributes a large share of Pakistan's collected tax revenue. As most of Pakistan's large multinational corporations are based in Karachi Wedding Photography, income taxes are paid in the city even though income may be generated from other parts of the country.[174] As home to the country's two largest ports, Pakistani customs officials collect the bulk of federal duty and tariffs at Karachi Wedding Photography's ports, even if those imports are destined for one of Pakistan's other provinces.[175] Approximately 25% of Pakistan's national revenue is generated in Karachi Wedding Photography.[42]
According to the Federal Board of Revenue's 2006–2007 year book, tax and customs units in Karachi Wedding Photography were responsible for 46.75% of direct taxes, 33.65% of federal excise tax, and 23.38% of domestic sales tax.[176] Karachi Wedding Photography accounts for 75.14% of customs duty and 79% of sales tax on imports,[176] and collects 53.38% of the total collections of the Federal Board of Revenue, of which 53.33% are customs duty and sales tax on imports.[176][177]
Demographics
Main articles: Demographics of Karachi Wedding Photography, Ethnic groups in Karachi Wedding Photography, and Religion in Karachi Wedding Photography
Bahadurabad Area has a high population density.
Karachi Wedding Photography is the most linguistically, ethnically, and religiously diverse city in Pakistan.[23] The city is a melting pot of ethnolinguistic groups from throughout Pakistan, as well as migrants from other parts of Asia. The 2017 census numerated Karachi Wedding Photography's population to be 14,910,352, having grown 2.49% per year since the 1998 census, which had listed Karachi Wedding Photography's population at approximately 9.3 million.[178] The city's inhabitants are referred to by the demonym Karachi Wedding Photographyite in English, and Karachi Wedding Photographywala in Urdu.
Language
Urdu (42.30%)
Pashto (15.01%)
Punjabi (10.73%)
Sindhi (10.67%)
Saraiki (4.98%)
Balochi (4.04%)
Others (12.25%)
Karachi Wedding Photography has the largest number of Urdu speakers in Pakistan.[153] As per the 2017 census, the linguistic breakdown of Karachi Wedding Photography Division is:
Rank Language 2017 census[179] Speakers 1998 census[180] Speakers 1981 census[181] Speakers
1 Urdu 42.30% 6,779,142 48.52% 4,497,747 54.34% 2,830,098
2 Pashto 15.01% 2,406,011 11.42% 1,058,650 8.71% 453,628
3 Punjabi 10.73% 1,719,636 13.94% 1,292,335 13.64% 710,389
4 Sindhi 10.67% 1,709,877 7.22% 669,340 6.29% 327,591
5 Saraiki 4.98% 798,031 2.11% 195,681 0.35% 18,228
6 Balochi 4.04% 648,964 4.34% 402,386 4.39% 228,636
7 Others 12.25% 1,963,233 12.44% 1,153,126 12.27% 639,560
All 100% 16,024,894 100% 9,269,265 100% 5,208,132
The category of "others" includes Hindko, Brahvi, Kashmiri, Gujarati, Memon, Marwari, Dari, Brahui, Makrani, Hazara, Khowar, Gilgiti, Burushaski, Balti, Arabic, Farsi, Hindi, Bengali and Tamil.[182]
Population
At the end of the 19th century, Karachi Wedding Photography had an estimated population of 105,000.[183] By the dawn of Pakistan's independence in 1947, the city had an estimated population of 400,000.[23] The city's population grew dramatically with the arrival of hundreds of thousands of Muslim refugees from the newly independent Republic of India.[31] Rapid economic growth following independence attracted further migrants from throughout Pakistan and South Asia.[34] The 2017 census numerated Karachi Wedding Photography's population to be 14,910,352, having grown 2.49% per year since the 1998 census, which had listed Karachi Wedding Photography's population at approximately 9.3 million.[178]
Lower than expected population figures from the census suggest that Karachi Wedding Photography's poor infrastructure, law and order situation, and weakened economy relative to other parts of Pakistan made the city less attractive to in-migration than previously thought.[178] The figure is disputed by all the major political parties in Sindh.[184][185][186] Karachi Wedding Photography's population grew by 59.8% since the 1998 census to 14.9 million, while Lahore city grew 75.3%[187] – though Karachi Wedding Photography's census district had not been altered by the provincial government since 1998, while Lahore's had been expanded by Punjab's government,[187] leading to some of Karachi Wedding Photography's growth to have occurred outside the city's census boundaries.[178] Karachi Wedding Photography's population had grown at a rate of 3.49% between the 1981 and 1998 census, leading many analysts to estimate Karachi Wedding Photography's 2017 population to be approximately 18 million by extrapolating a continued annual growth rate of 3.49%. Some had expected that the city's population to be between 22 and 30 million,[178] which would require an annual growth rate accelerating to between 4.6% and 6.33%.[178]
Historical Population
Political parties in the province have suggested the city's population has been underestimated in a deliberate attempt to undermine the political power of the city and province.[191] Senator Taj Haider from the PPP claimed he had official documents revealing the city's population to be 25.6 million in 2013,[191] while the Sindh Bureau of Statistics, part of by the PPP-led provincial administration, estimated Karachi Wedding Photography's 2016 population to be 19.1 million.[192]
District population density per km2
According to 2017 Census, with 43,063.51 residents per square kilometre Karachi Wedding Photography Central is the most densely populated district of the six districts of Karachi Wedding Photography as well as the entirety of Pakistan.
Rank District Population (2017 census)[193] Area (Sq. km.) Density
1 Central 2,971,382 69 43,063.51
2 Korangi 2,577,556 108 23,866.26
3 East 2,875,315 139 20,685.72
4 South 1,769,230 122 14,501.89
5 West 3,907,065 929 4,205.67
6 Malir 1,924,364 2,160 890.90
All 16,024,894 3,527 4,543.49
Ethnicity
The oldest portions of modern Karachi Wedding Photography reflect the ethnic composition of the first settlement, with Balochis and Sindhis continuing to make up a large portion of the Lyari neighbourhood,[24] though many of the residents are relatively recent migrants. Following Partition, large numbers of Hindus left Pakistan for the newly independent Dominion of India (later the Republic of India), while a larger percentage of Muslim migrant and refugees from India settled in Karachi Wedding Photography. The city grew 150% during the ten period between 1941 and 1951 with the new arrivals from India,[194] who made up 57% of Karachi Wedding Photography's population in 1951.[195] The city is now considered a melting pot of Pakistan and is the country's most diverse city.[24]
Karachi Wedding Photography is the largest Bengali speaking city outside Bengal region.
In 2011, an estimated 2.5 million foreign migrants lived in the city, mostly from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka.[196]
Karachi Wedding Photography is home to large numbers of descendants of refugees and migrants from Hyderabad, in southern India, who built a small replica of Hyderabad's famous Charminar monument in Karachi Wedding Photography's Bahadurabad area.
Much of Karachi Wedding Photography's citizenry descend from Urdu-speaking migrants and refugees from North India who became known by the Arabic term for "Migrant": Muhajir. The first Muhajirs of Karachi Wedding Photography arrived in 1946 in the aftermath of the Great Calcutta Killings and subsequent 1946 Bihar riots.[197] The city's wealthy Hindus opposed the resettlement of refugees near their homes, and so many refugees were accommodated in the older and more congested parts of Karachi Wedding Photography.[198] The city witnessed a large influx of Muhajirs following Partition, who were drawn to the port city and newly designated federal capital for its white-collar job opportunities.[199] Muhajirs continued to migrate to Pakistan throughout the 1950s and early 1960s,[200] with Karachi Wedding Photography remaining the primary destination of Indian Muslim migrants throughout those decades.[201] The Muhajir Urdu-speaking community in the 2017 census forms slightly less than 45% of the city's population.[187] Muhajirs form the bulk of Karachi Wedding Photography's middle class.[24] Muhajirs are regarded as the city's most secular community, while other minorities such as Christians and Hindus increasingly regard themselves as part of the Muhajir community.[24]
Karachi Wedding Photography is home to a wide array of non-Urdu speaking Muslim peoples from what is now the Republic of India. The city has a sizable community of Gujarati, Marathi, Konkani-speaking refugees.[24] Karachi Wedding Photography is also home to a several-thousand member strong community of Malabari Muslims from Kerala in South India.[202] These ethno-linguistic groups are being assimilated in the Urdu-speaking community.[203]
During the period of rapid economic growth in the 1960s, large numbers Pashtuns from the NWFP migrated to Karachi Wedding Photography with Afghan Pashtun refugees settling in Karachi Wedding Photography during the 80's.[204][205][206][207][208] Karachi Wedding Photography is home to the world's largest urban Pashtun population,[209] with more Pashtun citizens than the Peshawar.[2][209] Pashtuns from Afghanistan are regarded as the most conservative community.[2] Pashtuns from Pakistan's Swat Valley, in contrast, are generally seen as more liberal in social outlook.[2] The Pashtun community forms the bulk of manual labourers and transporters.[210] Anatol Lieven of Georgetown University in Qatar wrote that due to Pashtuns settling the city, "Karachi Wedding Photography (not Kabul, Kandahar or Peshawar) is the largest Pashtun city in the world."[211]
Migrants from Punjab began settling in Karachi Wedding Photography in large numbers in the 1960s, and now make up an estimated 14% of Karachi Wedding Photography's population.[2] The community forms the bulk of the city's police force.[2] The bulk of Karachi Wedding Photography's Christian community, which makes up 2.5% of the city's population, is Punjabi.[212]
Despite being the capital of Sindh province, only 6–8% of the city is Sindhi.[2] Sindhis form much of the municipal and provincial bureaucracy.[2] 4% of Karachi Wedding Photography's population speaks Balochi as its mother tongue, though most Baloch speakers are of Sheedi heritage – a community that traces its roots to Africa.[2]
Following the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and independence of Bangladesh, thousands of Urdu-speaking Biharis arrived in the city, preferring to remain Pakistani rather than live in the newly independent country. Large numbers of Bengalis also migrated from Bangladesh to Karachi Wedding Photography during periods of economic growth in the 1980s and 1990s. Karachi Wedding Photography is now home to an estimated 2.5 to 3 million ethnic Bengalis living in Pakistan.[36][37] Rohingya refugees from Myanmar, who speak a dialect of Bengali and are sometimes regarded as Bengalis, also live in the city. Karachi Wedding Photography is home to an estimated 400,000 Rohingya residents.[213][214] Large scale Rohingya migration to Karachi Wedding Photography made Karachi Wedding Photography one of the largest population centres of Rohingyas in the world outside of Myanmar.[215]
Central Asian migrants from Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan have also settled in the city.[216] Domestic workers from the Philippines are employed in Karachi Wedding Photography's posh locales, while many of the city's teachers hail from Sri Lanka.[216] Many Sri Lankans moved to Karachi Wedding Photography due to the 2022 Economic Crisis in Sri Lanka. Expatriates from China began migrating to Karachi Wedding Photography in the 1940s, to work as dentists, chefs and shoemakers, while many of their descendants continue to live in Pakistan.[216][217] Chinese also reached Karachi Wedding Photography after 2015 in large number due to the CPEC project. The city is also home to a small number of British and American expatriates.[218]
During World War II, about 3,000 Polish refugees from the Soviet Union, with some Polish families who chose to remain in the city after Partition.[219][220] Post-Partition Karachi Wedding Photography also once had a sizable refugee community from post-revolutionary Iran.[216]
Religion
Religions in Karachi Wedding Photography[221][222][223][224]
Religions Percent
Islam
96.5%
Christianity
2.5%
Hinduism
0.86%
Others
0.14%
With a capacity of 800,000 worshippers, Grand Jamia Mosque is the largest mosque in Pakistan and 3rd largest in the world.
St. Patrick's Cathedral, built-in 1881, serves as the seat of the Archdiocese of Karachi Wedding Photography.
The Swaminarayan Temple is the largest Hindu temple in Karachi Wedding Photography.
Karachi Wedding Photography is a religiously homogeneous city with more than 96 per cent of its population adhering to Islam.[225] Karachi Wedding Photographyites adhere to numerous sects and sub-sects of Islam, as well as Protestant Christianity, and community of Goan Catholics. The city also is home to large numbers of Hindus, and a small community of Zoroastrians and Parsi's. According to Nichola Khan Karachi Wedding Photography is also the world's largest Muslim city.[226] Prior to Pakistan's independence in 1947, the religious demographics of the city was estimated to be 51.1% Hindu, 42.3% Muslim, with the remaining 7% primarily Christians (both British and native), Sikhs, Jains, with a small number of Jews.[227] Following the independence of Pakistan, the vast majority of Karachi Wedding Photography's Sindhi Hindu population left for India while Muslim refugees from India, in turn, settled in the city. This mass migration dramatically changed the religious demographics of the city.
Islam
Karachi Wedding Photography is overwhelmingly Muslim,[2] though the city is one of Pakistan's most secular cities.[24][25][26] Approximately 85% of Karachi Wedding Photography's Muslims are Sunnis, while 15% are Shi'ites.[228][229][230] Sunnis primarily follow the Hanafi school of jurisprudence, with Sufism influencing religious practices by encouraging reverence for Sufi saints such as Abdullah Shah Ghazi and Mewa Shah. Shi'ites are predominantly Twelver, with a significant Ismaili minority which is further subdivided into Nizaris, Mustaalis, Dawoodi Bohras, and Sulaymanis. There are over 3000 mosques in Karachi Wedding Photography, most famous of which include Grand Jamia Mosque, Baitul Mukarram Mosque, Masjid-e-Tooba and Memon Masjid.
Christianity
Approximately 2.5% of Karachi Wedding Photography's population is Christian.[221][222][223] The city's Christian community is primarily composed of Punjabi Christians and a community of Goan Catholics who are typically better-educated and more affluent than their Punjabi co-religionists.[231] They established the posh Cincinnatus Town in Garden East as a Goan enclave. The Goan community dates from 1820 and has a population estimated to be 12,000–15,000 strong.[232] Karachi Wedding Photography is served by its own archdiocese, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Karachi Wedding Photography.
Hinduism
While most of the city's Hindu population left en masse for India following Pakistan's independence, Karachi Wedding Photography still has a large Hindu community with an estimated population of 250,000 based on 2013 data,[233] with several active temples in central Karachi Wedding Photography. The Hindu community is split into a more affluent Sindhi Hindu and small Punjabi Hindu group that forms part of Karachi Wedding Photography's educated middle class, while poorer Hindus of Rajasthani and Marwari descent form the other part and typically serve as menial and day laborers. Wealthier Hindus live primarily in Clifton and Saddar, while poorer ones live and have temples in Narayanpura and Lyari. Many streets in central Karachi Wedding Photography still retain Hindu names, especially in Mithadar, Aram Bagh (formerly Ram Bagh), and Ramswami. Many Mandirs exist in Saddar which are over a 100 years old.
Other religions
Karachi Wedding Photography's affluent and influential Parsis have lived in the region in the 12th century, though the modern community dates from the mid 19th century when they served as military contractors and commissariat agents to the British.[234] Further waves of Parsi immigrants from Persia settled in the city in the late 19th century.[235] The population of Parsis in Karachi Wedding Photography and throughout South Asia is in continuous decline due to low birth-rates and migration to Western countries.[236] According to Framji Minwalla approximately 1,092 Parsis are left in Pakistan.[237]