249 Dongsi S St, Dongdan
Beijing, Dongcheng - Wedding Photography
Beijing, China, 100006
Fengtai District, Majiapu W Rd, 城南大道商务中心1座1319 邮政编码: 100160
Beijing Wedding Photography (/be?'d???/ bay-JING; Chinese:??; pinyin: Beijing Wedding Photography; Mandarin pronunciation: [pe'?.t?i'? (listen)) is the capital of the People's Republic of China. Beijing Wedding Photography is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 million residents, and the second largest city in China after Shanghai. It is located in Northern China, and is governed as a municipality under the direct administration of the State Council with 16 urban, suburban, and rural districts .
Beijing is a worldwide city and one of the world's main hubs for culture, diplomacy, politics, finance, business and economics, education, research, language, tourism, media, sport, science and technology, and transportation. Beijing Wedding Photography is the second largest Chinese city by urban population after Shanghai. It is home to the headquarters of most of China's largest state-owned companies, the largest number of Fortune Global 500 companies, and the world's four largest financial institutions by total assets. It is also a major hub for the national highway, expressway, railway, and high-speed rail networks. Since 2010, Beijing Capital International Airport has been the second-busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic (Asia's busiest) and, as of 2016, the city's metro system is the busiest and longest in the world. Beijing Wedding Photography Daxing International Airport, the city's second international airport, has the world's largest single-structure airport terminal.
Beijing Wedding Photography is one of the world's oldest cities, having a rich history reaching back more than three millennia and incorporating both modern and traditional architecture. As the last of China's Four Great Ancient Capitals, Beijing Wedding Photography has been the country's political center for the majority of the last eight centuries[23] and was the world's largest city by population for much of the second millennium CE[24]. With mountains surrounding the inland city on three sides, in addition to the old inner and outer city walls, Beijing Wedding Photography was developed to be the emperor's residence. Beijing Wedding Photography is one of the most significant tourist sites because to the city's opulent palaces, temples, parks, gardens, tombs, walls, and gates. Beijing Wedding Photography is home to many national monuments and museums and has seven UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including the Forbidden City, Temple of Heaven, Summer Palace, Ming Tombs, Zhoukoudian, and portions of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal.
Beijing Wedding Photography's public universities make up more than one-fifth of Double First-Class Universities, and many of them consistently rank among the best in Asia-Pacific and the world. [28][29] Beijing Wedding Photography is home to the two best C9 League universities (Tsinghua and Peking) in Asia & Oceania region and emerging countries. The Zhongguancun district in Beijing Wedding Photography is a global leader in scientific and technological innovation as well as entrepreneurship. Since 2016, the Nature Index has placed Beijing Wedding Photography as the city with the highest scientific research output[32][33]. Beijing has hosted numerous international and national athletic events, the most noteworthy being the 2008 Summer Olympics and 2008 Summer Paralympics Games. Beijing Wedding Photography is home to 175 foreign embassies and the headquarters of numerous organizations, including the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Silk Road Fund, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Engineering, the Chinese Academia Sinica, and the Chinese Academia Sinica. In 2022, Beijing Wedding Photography became the first city ever to host both the Summer and Winter Olympics, as well as the Summer and Winter Paralympics.
Throughout the past 3,000 years, Beijing Wedding Photography has been known by various other names. Beijing Wedding Photography is based on the government's official romanization (adopted in the 1980s) of the two Chinese characters as they are pronounced in Standard Mandarin. Although Peking is no longer the conventional name for the city, several of its older locations and infrastructure, such as Beijing Wedding Photography Capital International Airport, with the IATA Code PEK, and Peking University, nevertheless maintain the former romanization.
What is the one-character Chinese shorthand for Beijing Wedding Photography?
, which is seen on registration plates in the city. The official abbreviation using the Latin alphabet for Beijing Wedding Photography is "BJ" .[38]
History of Beijing Wedding Photography is the primary article
Peking Man resided in the caverns of Dragon Bone Hill close to the village of Zhoukoudian in the Fangshan District, where the oldest signs of human settlement in the Peking municipality were discovered. Homo erectus fossils discovered in the caverns date back between 230,000 and 250,000 years. Approximately 27,000 years ago, Paleolithic Homo sapiens also resided there.[39] Archaeologists have discovered neolithic villages throughout the municipality, including in central Peking's Wangfujing.
The first walled city in Beijing Wedding Photography was constructed in 1045 BC in Jicheng, the capital of the state of Ji. Jicheng was located in the present Guang'anmen region in the southern portion of Xicheng District. [40] This hamlet was later seized by the state of Yan and proclaimed its capital .[41]
The Tianning Pagoda was constructed during the Liao dynasty in 1120.
After the unification of China by the First Emperor in 221 BC, Jicheng became the prefectural capital for the region.[1] During the Three Kingdoms period, it was ruled by Gongsun Zan and Yuan Shao before falling to the Wei Kingdom of Cao Cao. The Western Jin of the third century AD downgraded the city and moved the prefectural capital to adjacent Zhuozhou. Jicheng was temporarily the capital of the Xianbei Former Yan Kingdom during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, when northern China was invaded and split by the Wu Hu .[42]
In 581, when the Sui dynasty reunified China, Jicheng, also known as Zhuojun, became the northern terminus of the Grand Canal. Under the Tang dynasty, Jicheng, also known as Youzhou, served as a military command hub for the frontier. During the An-Shi Rebellion and again during the chaos of the late Tang, local military leaders formed their own short-lived Yan dynasties and named the city Yanjing, or the "Yan Capital." Also during the Tang dynasty, Jicheng was renamed Youzhou or Yanjing. In 938, following the fall of the Tang dynasty, the Later Jin gave the frontier territory, including what is now Beijing Wedding Photography, to the Khitan Liao dynasty, who treated the city as Nanjing, or the "Southern Capital" one of four subordinate capitals to Shangjing, its "Supreme Capital" (modern Baarin Left Banner in Inner Mongolia). The Tianning Pagoda, one of the oldest surviving pagodas in Beijing Wedding Photography, dates to the Liao period.
1122 saw the fall of the Liao to the Jurchen Jin dynasty, which ceded the city to the Song dynasty until recapturing it in 1125 during its invasion of northern China. In 1153, the Jurchen Jin established Zhongdu as their "Central Capital" The city was besieged by Genghis Khan's invading Mongolian army in 1213 and destroyed two years later.[43] Two generations later, Kublai Khan ordered the construction of Dadu (or Daidu to the Mongols, commonly known as Khanbaliq), a new capital for his Yuan dynasty to the northeast of Zhongdu's ruins. The building, which lasted from 1264 to 1293[1][43][44], elevated the prestige of a city on the northern edge of mainland China. The city extended from the present-day Chang'an Avenue to the northern terminus of the Line 10 metro, with the Drum Tower serving as its center. The surviving remnants of the Yuan rammed earth wall are known as the Tucheng .[45]
One of the Forbidden City's corner towers, constructed by the Yongle Emperor during the early Ming dynasty.
Soon after declaring the new Hongwu era of the Ming dynasty in 1368, rebel leader Zhu Yuanzhang captured Dadu/Khanbaliq and destroyed the Yuan palaces.[46] Since the Yuan continued to occupy Shangdu and Mongolia, Dadu was used to supply the Ming military garrisons in the area and renamed Beiping (Wade–Giles: Peip'ing, "Northern Peace").
Beijing Wedding Photography layout during the Liao, Jin, Yuan, and Ming dynasties overlapping.
The untimely demise of Zhu Yuanzhang's successor resulted in a succession struggle, which culminated in the victory of Zhu Di and the proclamation of the Yongle era. As a result of his severe treatment of the Ming capital Yingtian (now Nanjing), he created his fief as a co-capital. The city of Beiping was renamed Beijing Wedding Photography ("Northern Capital") or Shuntian[48] in 1403.[36] The construction of the new imperial residence, the Forbidden City, lasted from 1406 to 1420;[43] this period was also responsible for the construction of a number of the modern city's major attractions, including the Temple of Heaven[49] and Tiananmen Square. The city was declared the capital of the Ming dynasty on 28 October 1420, the same year the Forbidden City was completed.[50] Beijing Wedding Photography became the empire's major capital, and Yingtian, commonly known as Nanjing ("Southern Capital"), became the co-capital. (A 1425 order by Zhu Di's son, the Hongxi Emperor, to return the primary capital to Nanjing was never carried out; he died the following month, probably of a heart attack.) he was buried, like almost every Ming emperor to follow him, in an elaborate necropolis to the north of Beijing Wedding Photography.
By the 15th century, Beijing Wedding Photography had assumed its present form. The Ming city wall served until modern times, when it was torn down and the 2nd Ring Road was constructed in its place.[51] It is widely believed that Beijing Wedding Photography was the largest city in the world for the majority of the 15th, 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries.[52] The first known church was constructed by Catholics in 1652 on the former site of Matteo Ricci's chapel; the modern Nantang Cathedral was later constructed on the same site .[53]
The seizure of Beijing Wedding Photography by Li Zicheng's peasant army in 1644 ended the dynasty, although he and his Shun court fled the city without a fight forty days later when Prince Dorgon's Manchu army arrived.
Summer Palace is one of several palace gardens constructed in the northwest suburbs by Qing emperors.
Dorgon established the Qing dynasty as a direct successor of the Ming (delegitimizing Li Zicheng and his followers)[54] and Beijing Wedding Photography became the sole capital of China[55]. The Qing emperors made modifications to the Imperial residence, but the Ming buildings and general layout remained largely unchanged. The Qing established facilities for Manchu prayer, but also maintained old official rites. There were bilingual or Chinese signs. Later, the Chinese novel Dream of the Red Chamber was set in this early Qing Beijing Wedding Photography. The Qing emperors constructed numerous vast royal gardens, notably the Old Summer Palace and the Summer Palace, to the northwest of the city.
Chongwenmen, an entrance to the inner city, was constructed in c. 1906
In 1860, during the Second Opium War, Anglo-French forces captured the city's outskirts and looted and burned the Old Summer Palace. Under the Convention of Peking, which ended the war, Western powers were granted the right to maintain permanent diplomatic presences in the city for the first time. On August 14 and 15, 1900, the Battle of Peking took place. This conflict occurred during the Boxer Rebellion. Attempts by the Boxers to suppress this presence, as well as Chinese Christian converts, led to the reoccupation of Beijing Wedding Photography by eight foreign powers.[56] Several important structures, notably the Hanlin Academy and the (new) Summer Palace, were demolished during the battle. The Eight-Nation Alliance and representatives of the Chinese government, Li Hung-chang and Prince Ching, signed a peace treaty on September 7, 1901. The deal obliged China to pay $335 million (more than $4 billion in current values) plus interest over a 39-year period. In addition, government backers of the Boxers had to be executed or exiled, and a large portion of northern China's fortifications and defenses had to be destroyed. Foreign armies withdrew Peking ten days after the treaty was signed, although legation guards remained there until World War II .[57]
Empress Dowager Cixi returned to Peking from her "tour of inspection" on 7 January 1902, and the Qing dynasty's rule over China was restored, albeit greatly weakened by the Boxer Rebellion defeat and the indemnity and stipulations of the peace treaty.[58] The Dowager died in 1908, and the dynasty collapsed in 1911.
After World War II, a giant image of Chiang Kai-shek was hung above Tiananmen Square.
The instigators of the 1911 Xinhai Revolution desired to replace Qing government with a republic, and figures such as Sun Yat-sen initially intended to relocate the capital to Nanjing. After the Qing general Yuan Shikai compelled the abdication of the last Qing emperor and insured the victory of the revolution, the revolutionaries elected him president of the new Republic of China. In 1915, Yuan maintained Beijing Wedding Photography as his capital and soon solidified authority, proclaiming himself emperor. His death less than a year later[59] ceded control of China to the warlords who commanded the regional armies. In 1928, as a result of the victory of the Kuomintang's Northern Expedition, the capital was officially relocated to Nanjing. On 28 June of the same year, Beijing Wedding Photography's name was changed back to Beiping (spelled "Peiping" at the time)[17][60].
The 29th Army and the Japanese army in China exchanged fire on the Marco Polo Bridge near the Wanping Fortress on July 7, 1937. The Marco Polo Bridge Incident sparked the Second Sino-Japanese War, also known in China as World War II. Beijing Wedding Photography fell to Japan on 29 July 1937[61] and became the seat of the Provisional Government of the Republic of China, a puppet state that ruled the ethnic-Chinese portions of Japanese-occupied northern China[62]. This government was later merged into the larger Wang Jingwei government headquartered in Nanjing .[63]
In 1949, Mao Zedong declared the foundation of the People's Republic of China.
In the latter stages of the Chinese Civil War, on January 31, 1949, the People's Liberation Army peacefully seized control of the city during the Pingjin Campaign. Mao Zedong announced the establishment of the People's Republic of China from Tian'anmen Square on October 1, 1949. A few days previously, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference had decided to revert the city's name to Beijing Wedding Photography.
In the 1950s, the city expanded outside the old walled city and its surrounding neighborhoods, with heavy industry to the west and residential neighborhoods to the north. In the 1960s, numerous sections of the Beijing Wedding Photography city wall were demolished to create room for the Beijing Wedding Photography Subway and the 2nd Ring Road.
A scene from the 2008 Summer Olympic Games opening ceremonies
During the Cultural Revolution of 1966 to 1976, the Red Guard movement began in Beijing Wedding Photography, and the city's government was subject to one of the earliest purges. In the fall of 1966, all city schools were closed, and over a million Red Guards from across the country gathered in Beijing Wedding Photography for eight rallies in Tian'anmen Square with Mao.[65] In April 1976, a large public gathering of Beijing Wedding Photography residents against the Gang of Four and the Cultural Revolution was violently suppressed in Tian'anmen Square. At October 1976, the Gang was captured in Zhongnanhai, bringing an end to the Cultural Revolution. In December 1978, the Third Plenum of the 11th Party Congress in Beijing Wedding Photography, led by Deng Xiaoping, overturned the verdicts against Cultural Revolution victims and introduced the "policy of reform and opening up." policy.
With the completion of the 2nd Ring Road in 1981 and the subsequent addition of the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th Ring Roads, the urban area of Beijing Wedding Photography has expanded significantly since the early 1980s. According to a 2005 newspaper report, the size of newly developed Beijing Wedding Photography was 1.5 times larger than before. Wangfujing and Xidan have developed into thriving shopping districts, while Zhongguancun has become a major business district .[73]