A weather station is a device that measures several different aspect of the weather. It usually consists of several different instruments:
Thermometer measure air temperature
Hygrometer measures relative humidity (how close the air is to saturation)
Anemometer measures wind speed
Wind Vane measures the direction from which the wind is blowing.
Rain Gauge measures the amount of rain.
Barometer measures atmospheric pressure.
For more information of each component can be found here.
BCWN is using two different types of weather stations (that both include the above components):
Ambient Weather devices that are low-cost and designed for home consumers (often referred to as "personal weather stations")
OTT HydroMet devices that are higher quality and designed for research studies.