Anārya means one who does not know “what is progress of life.” They think there is no life after death. “So I have got this life now. Let me enjoy my senses to the best capacity.” This is anārya, demon. “Eat, drink, be merry and enjoy.” Because as soon as the body will be finished, the senses also will be finished. Now let me use the senses. So anārya, they do not know that there is life after death. Big, big professors, in Europe, they say like that, “After death, everything is finished.” Cārvaka Muni’s theory. This kind of theory was accepted long, long ago. In the Vedic culture. Not accepted, was heard. Never was it accepted. Cārvaka theory was atheist. So his philosophy was atheistic philosophy. He used to say that bhaṣmi bhūtasya dehasya kuto punar āgamah, means bodily concept of life, talking of this body, deha, that it is burned into ashes. So he used to say, “When the body is burned into ashes, then where is the chance of coming back?” That means he had no information of the soul. The Āryan theory is that “what is next life.” Progressive – that is ārya. Civilized man.
[An excerpt from a lecture delivered on the Bhagavad gita 2.2 on Aug 3, 1973 in London]