Algae Bio-façade System

Innovating Integration for Sustainable Architectural Façade Design

Façade Ideas Competition – 2019 | Façade Design, Façade Ideas, Optimization | West Jakarta, Indonesia

Type: Collaborative work in the Student Competition by Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI)

Award: Second Place for Innovative Façades Ideas 

Contributions: Analysis, Concept, Façade Mapping & Modeling

Software: SketchUp, Rhino, Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop & Microsoft Excel

Collaborators: Arnott Ferels, Cathleen Charity & Oliver Kenny 

This study introduces a new bio-façade system in Indonesia, bringing innovation to sustainable architecture. The design focuses on mapping, modeling, and simulating the façade. The algae modules, categorized as Dark, Standard, and Light, adjust to sunlight levels, making the building more comfortable. Simulations show a significant reduction in the Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) to an impressive 35 W/m², setting a benchmark for energy efficiency. The project generates 131,460 kWh annually, reducing 295,346.8 grams of CO2 daily. It stands out as a model in sustainable architecture, demonstrating the potential of biophilic design in urban environments.

Method

In BSD, Tangerang, Indonesia, Kumulo is preparing a major installation, with construction scheduled from February to April and the exhibition until December 2021. The study focuses on limited natural shade in the hot-humid tropical area, examining shadows’ interaction with the installation and assessing its adaptability. A shadow simulation on June 21, 2021, captures daily patterns, providing insights into impact areas. Preliminary findings guide potential design adjustments for enhanced functionality and aesthetic appeal within Kumulo’s hot-humid tropical context. 

Climate-Responsive Design & Functional Features

1 – The structure’s design follows local climate rules and building codes.

2 – It adjusts to microclimates, using passive strategies for changes based on sun and wind patterns.

3 – The building is mainly for offices, with co-working and retail as secondary functions.

4 – Design details involve placing algae façade modules and other materials.

Facade Thermal Mapping & Algae Module Placement Optimization

In this phase, mapping assessed thermal exposure for each facade section, crucial for simulating OTTV calculations. After determining OTTV values in the first (1) and second (2) simulations, the third simulation (3) identified optimal Algae module placement along solar path lines in Jakarta—specifically in the North, East, and South directions.

Biofaçade System – How the Façade System Works

When the building is exposed to substantial sunlight, the density of algae increases, creating additional shade and contributing to the maintenance of thermal and visual comfort. In the algae module, three specific types are distinguished: Dark, Standard, and Light. The algae facade facilitates adaptive shading in response to sunlight. As the building receives more sunlight, the algae density grows, providing heightened shading that ensures ongoing thermal and visual comfort.

Simulation & Optimization

Simulations 1 & 2

Simulation 3 (Algae)

For the third simulation, the calculation involves utilizing the Algae bio-façade, with a 45% replacement of glass. 

References

  1. Asahi performance data.
  2. U-value for thermal transmittance, SC assumes a 40% reduction from Sunergy Clear SNFL 6mm.
  3. U-value for thermal transmittance, SC assumes a 40% combined reduction from No. 2 & 3.

Results

The initial OTTV value without algae is 37 W/m², aiming for a targeted value of 35 W/m² and a maximum of 45. With a window-to-wall ratio (WWR) set at 70%, approximately 4,382.02m² (45%) of the total facade area is covered by the algae facade. The algae facade generates 131,460 kWh/year, while the average energy consumption for office spaces is 250,000 kWh/year. Environmentally, it contributes to a daily reduction of 295,346.8 grams of CO2, totaling 107,801,582 grams annually, equivalent to 107,801.6 kilograms or 107.8 tons per year. The estimated heat production for the building is 657,300 kWh per year. 

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