Setting Expectations Through Whys
In the classroom, we often focus so much on the what and how of our lessons that we often overlook the importance of the why and helping students to understand why they are doing something. When implementing The Writing Revolution, we should utilize whys in our lesson planning while also providing student-friendly whys. We do this so that students gain a deeper understanding of the different strategies, are more motivated to use the strategies, and, most importantly, begin to use the strategies in their own writing as they revise. Consider the following when asking if your students know the whys behind each strategy:
Do I know the TWR Whys and Student-Friendly Whys?
Do my students know the purpose of the activity?
Will I tell my students "Why" they are practicing a particular strategy?
Will I ask them to tell me?
Leading with the Why is a powerful tool to reinforce the purpose and process for every activity. Use the table of contents to the right to find the Whys for each TWR strategy.
Teacher Whys
Helps students understand concept of a complete sentence & discern sentence boundaries
Helps students understand the meanings of subjects, predicates & prepositional phrases
Encourages careful reading
Improves & checks comprehension
Student-Friendly
Helps students understand concept of a complete sentence & discern sentence boundaries
Helps students understand the meanings of subjects, predicates & prepositional phrases
Encourages careful reading
Improves & checks comprehension
Teacher Whys
Hones students’ grasp of the concept of a complete sentence & word order
Reinforces rules of punctuation & capitalization
Improves & checks comprehension (especially good for vocabulary & concepts)
Student-Friendly
Helps us think about the right order for words in a sentence
Gives us practice with correct punctuation & capitalization
Teacher Whys
Enables students to vary sentence structure
Provides one way to develop & improve concluding sentences
Encourages students to formulate questions
Improves & checks comprehension
Student-Friendly
Helps us vary our sentences
Gives us one way to write a topic &/or concluding sentence (T.S. & C.S.)
Teacher Whys
Encourages students to think about the important features in text
Encourages careful reading
Encourages analytical thinking
Helps students to focus on the key elements
Provides practice in understanding & using expository terms
Helps students anticipate what questions they may be asked
Student-Friendly
Gets us thinking about what’s important
Helps us ask precise questions for a given answer
Teacher Whys
Promotes extended responses
Encourages analytical & deeper thinking about text
Fosters careful reading
Provides practice using new vocabulary words
Develops ability to craft linguistically complex sentences using written rather than oral language conventions
Enhances reading comprehension by familiarizing students with more complex syntax & sentence structure
Improves & checks comprehension
Student-Friendly
Helps us give more information to the reader
Helps us write complex sentences
Helps us think about a reason for, a change of direction from, and an effect of an idea
Makes us better readers
Teacher Whys
Promotes writing complex sentences
Enables students to vary sentence types
Boosts vocabulary development
Encourages careful reading
Enables students to extend responses
Provides another option for writing topic & concluding sentences
Beginning a sentence with a dependent clause is a written language form
Improves & checks comprehension
Student-Friendly
Helps us give more information to the reader
Helps us write complex sentences
Helps us vary our sentences
Gives us one way to write a topic &/or concluding sentence (T.S. & C.S.)
Gives us one way to write a Thesis Statement (T)
Helps us write like writers
Makes us better readers
Teacher Whys
Provides another option for writing & improving topic & concluding sentences, together with sentence types & subordinating conjunctions
Enables students to vary sentence structure
Encourages students to include more info. & add complexity
Promotes formal written language style
Encourages careful reading
Improves & checks comprehension
Student-Friendly
Helps us give more information to the reader
Helps us write complex sentences
Helps us vary our sentences
Gives us one way to write a topic &/or concluding sentence (T.S. & C.S.)
Gives us one way to write a Specific Statement (S)
Helps us write like writers
Makes us better readers
Teacher Whys
Most effective method of teaching grammar & usage
Allows students to see various options for crafting complex sentences
Exposes students to varied writing structures & enhances syntactic flexibility & control
Student-Friendly
Improves our grammar
Improves our understanding of word order
Gives us flexibility with and control of our sentences
Teacher Whys
Enables students to anticipate what a reader needs to know & to provide that info.
Teaches note-taking strategies (key words & phrases, abbreviations & symbols)
Enables students to craft written language structures
Develops the ability to summarize
Prepares student to revise more effectively
Improves & checks comprehension
Student-Friendly
Helps us give more information to the reader
Helps us practice note-taking (key words & phrases, abbreviations & symbols)
Helps us write like writers (starting with the “When”)
Helps us summarize
Helps us revise
Teacher Whys
Enables students to distinguish essential from nonessential info.
Boosts comprehension, absorption & retention
Promotes analytical thinking
Reinforces efficient note-taking skills
Enables students to plan more efficiently before drafting
Helps student paraphrase
Student-Friendly
Focuses us on what’s most important, less important, and not important
Helps us think about, understand, and remember what we’re learning
Saves us time when planning paragraphs
Gives us practice putting things into our own words
Teacher Whys
Improves & checks comprehension
Helps generate concise & accurate responses to questions
Maintains focus on the main idea & supporting details
Teaches paraphrasing techniques
Provides practice synthesizing info. from multiple sources
Enhances the ability to analyze info.
Develops the ability to make generalizations
Aids in retaining comprehension
Student-Friendly
Helps us focus on the main idea
Helps us think about, understand, and remember what we’re learning
Gives us practice putting things into our own words
Makes us better readers
Teacher Whys
Provides structure (beginning, middle, & end)
Eliminates repetition
Improves adherence to topic
Enables students to distinguish essential from nonessential material
Aids in sequencing
Promotes analytical thinking
Student-Friendly
Helps us plan before writing a paragraph
Helps us organize and sequence information
Helps us avoid repetition and stay on topic
Focuses us on what’s most important, less important, and not important
Helps us think about, understand, and remember what we’re learning
Teacher Whys
Helps develop clarity & coherence
Enables students to use sentence strategies when writing at length
Provides a way of incorporating substantive changes into a piece of writing in addition to mechanical ones
Leads to smoothly flowing, logically-connected prose
Student-Friendly
Helps us make our writing more clear and more interesting
Helps us think about what the reader needs to know
Helps us vary our vocabulary and be more precise
Helps us make connections between ideas for our reader (transitions)
Helps us signal what is coming to the reader (transitions)
Helps us use TWR strategies in our independent writing (Unelaborated Paragraphs)
Helps us to eventually revise our independent writing (Unelaborated Paragraphs)
Teacher Whys
Develop organizational skills
Helps in categorizing info.
Reveals gaps in knowledge or comprehension
Guides students to a logical sequence for expository, narrative & argumentative text structures
Enables students to avoid repetition & irrelevant info.
Promotes cogent introductions & conclusions
Helps students take notes efficiently
Develops the ability to transition between ideas & paragraphs
Student-Friendly
Helps us plan before writing a composition
Helps us organize, sequence, and categorize information
Helps us avoid repetition and stay on topic
Can give us practice with different text structures
Teacher Whys
Develop organizational skills
Helps in categorizing info.
Reveals gaps in knowledge or comprehension
Guides students to a logical sequence for expository, narrative & argumentative text structures
Enables students to avoid repetition & irrelevant info.
Promotes cogent introductions & conclusions
Helps students take notes efficiently
Develops the ability to transition between ideas & paragraphs
Student-Friendly
Gives us a formula for writing introductions and conclusions