Amit Paikrao (Research Scholar at IIT Bombay)

Research

Investigating Multidimensional development of expertise

I am investigating

How engineering expertise develops across the undergraduate journey using Epistemic Frame Theory.
I am looking at the holistic development of expertise with integrated configuration of professional skills, knowledge, identity, values, and epistemology (SKIVE).
We are using min-max normalization to uncover different dimensions of professional thinking grow, decline, or reorganize across cohorts and across institutions.

Selected Publications related to this work:

[Amit Paikrao, Vishwas Babhe, Indrayani Nishane, Jyoti Shaha, Ramkumar Rjaendran, Ritayan Mitra, "Multi-dimensional Trajectories of Expertise in Engineering: Perspective from Epistemic Frame Theory", Educational Data Mining 2026 (in process)

Eye-gaze Enhanced Retrospective Think-aloud

This research investigates how combining eye-tracking with traditional think-aloud methods can provide deeper insights into how people think and make decisions in learning environments.
This work demonstrates that integrating eye-gaze data makes participants’ explanations more precise and reduces reliance on guesswork or incomplete memory.
The findings show that this approach produces richer, more granular accounts of cognitive processes, capturing granular level metacognitive process information.
The study also highlights how viewing one’s own eye movements can trigger deeper reflection, offering potential for improving learning and self-awareness.

Selected Publications related to this work:

Paikrao, A., Nath, D., Rajendran, R., & Mitra, R., (2025). Enhancing Retrospective Think-Aloud Protocols with Eye-Gaze data. In B. Jiang et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Computers in Education. Asia-Pacific Society for Computers in Education.

Discipline-Based Educational Research

This research investigates how experts and novices differ in solving electrical circuit problems by analysing the order in which they attend to circuit elements.
This work demonstrates that experts follow a structured, concept-driven approach (tracing current from source to load), while novices rely more on trial-and-error and jump quickly to calculations.
The findings show that novices often depend on superficial features of the problem, whereas experts are guided by deeper underlying principles of circuit behaviour.
This study highlights the importance of making expert thinking visible, suggesting that tools like eye-tracking can help learners develop more effective problem-solving strategies.

Mapping the cognitive and affective transformations within the Novice-to-Expert continuum with multimodal analytics

Teaching-learning of electrical circuits in undergraduate engineering classrooms : current trends and future directions

Selected Publications related to this work:

Paikrao, A. M., & Mitra, R. (2023, September). Expert-Novice Differences In Electrical Circuit Analysis Based On The Order Of Attention On Elements Using A Concurrent Think-Aloud Protocol. SEFI conference.

Combining Eye tracking and Verbal Protocol Analysis

This research investigates how combining eye-tracking and think-aloud data can be used together to better understand how experts and novices think while solving problems.
This work demonstrates that integrating these two data sources into a single epistemic network provides a richer and more complete picture of underlying knowledge structures.
The findings show clear differences in how experts and novices approach problems, with experts focusing on core concepts while novices rely more on surface-level features.
This study highlights the potential of multimodal analysis for advancing research in learning and problem-solving.

Expert-Novice Differences with Epistemic Network Analysis of Interview and Eye tracking Data

Selected Publications related to this work:

Paikrao. A., & Mitra, R. (2023, October). Modeling expertise as a continuum through epistemic network analysis of multichannel data. In Fifth International Conference on Quantitative Ethnography: Conference Proceedings (Vol. 8, p. 29).

Pal, S., Paikrao, A., & Mitra, R. (2023, October). Expert-novice differences through epistemic network analysis of eye-tracking and think-aloud data. In Fifth International Conference on Quantitative Ethnography: Conference Proceedings Supplement. International Society for Quantitative Ethnography (pp. 137-141).

Page updated

Google Sites

Report abuse