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techniques can then be applied to these observations so that sums, averages, and statistical differences between groups can be derived. Experimental methods can evaluate cause and effect relationships. A question amenable to an experimental design might be, “Does the presence of a scrub nurse during a minor surgical procedure reduce the incidence of postoperative wound infection?“ In this example, the perioperative nurse might gather data and the nurse researcher conduct the analyskj. Other clinical problems amenable to nursing investigation include analysis of nursing activities in relation to cost effectiveness in the OR effects of hypothermia on postoperative recovery documentation of nursing activities in the OR the impact of changing to an all RN staff effects of intraoperative communication with families the effects of major surgery on body image relationship of preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain perception. The perioperative setting can yield many stimulating and significant research topics, and the perioperative nurse is the best person to identify nursing problems in this specialty. Nurses are constantly identifying problems, but not usually in a systematic way that makes it possible to define research needs. If nurses do not identify the problems to be researched, who will? Identifying the problem is the first step toward scientific inquiry. The second might well be obtaining the support of the facility’s administration. To gain that support, the problem must be summarized in writing and should include an explanation of its relevance to nursing, how the problem was identified, and how a clinical study could help solve it. A proposal requesting the resources necessary to complete the .project should be well written and submitted at this time. Research need not be costly. Often, it can fit Safety and comfort of wearing medical masks in adult surgical patients after general anesthesia during the COVID-19 epidemic: a retrospective, observational cohort study Feng Lv MD , Qiuju Xiong MD , Su Min MD , Jing Chen MD , Li Ren MD , Zunyan Zhu MD , Yiwei Shen MD , Fusen Huang MD , Jun Hu Bachelor , Jing Li Bachelor PII: S1089-9472(21)00089-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2021.04.013 Reference: YJPAN 52006 To appear in: Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing Please cite this article as: Feng Lv MD , Qiuju Xiong MD , Su Min MD , Jing Chen MD , Li Ren MD , Zunyan Zhu MD , Yiwei Shen MD , Fusen Huang MD , Jun Hu Bachelor , Jing Li Bachelor , Safety and comfort of wearing medical masks in adult surgical patients after general anesthesia during the COVID-19 epidemic: a retrospective, observational cohort study, Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing (2021), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2021.04.013 This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. © 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses. 1 Title page Safety and comfort of wearing medical masks in adult surgical patients after general anesthesia during the COVID-19 epidemic: a retrospective, observational cohort study Feng Lv1 , Qiuju Xiong1 , Su Min1 *, Jing Chen1 , Li Ren1 , Zunyan Zhu1 , Yiwei Shen1 , Fusen Huang1 , Jun Hu1 , Jing Li1 1Department of Anaesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China Feng Lv, MD,Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Email:lvfengmazui@sina.cn Qiuju Xiong,MD ,Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Email:xiongqiuju2003@163.com Su Min, MD,Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital
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