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workload” (N11) “The role of parents is very important. We need the presence of parents in time and support nurses in the care of their babies” (N2) “Parents should join their hands with nurses to take care of the babies” (N12) Parental ward activities & responsibilities “We guide the parents to keep the environment clean” (N5) “The more important thing is that they should keep general hygiene in the patients room” (N1) “Parents should…join sanitation activities around them because it will be to babies’ benefit” (N4) Parental participation in baby cares “They can take care of the baby, kangaroo care, breast feed. The babies who are with parents more will get better sooner” (N8) “We just need the parents change diapers and make their babies feel more comfortable” (N14) “Their [parents] duty is to make the babies feel more comfortable” (N2) Gallagher et al. BMC Pediatrics (2017) 17:161 Page 5 of 11 could be grouped into 3 themes: (1) information sharing, (2) participation in care, and (3) personal experience. The first theme, information sharing, comprised of 4 subthemes: (1) focus of discussion on admission (2) advice from professionals (3) updates about their baby’s condition and (4) limited information (Table 5). The majority of parents throughout the study consistently reported seeing a doctor and/or nurse on admission (T1:95% T2:87% T3:91%). When asked what the doctors and/or nurses discussed with them on admission, parents at all time points reported that they were informed about their baby’s condition, however there Table 4 Nursing interview analysis theme 3 and subthemes: professional reflections Theme: (subtheme) T1 T2 T3 Professional reflections: Sense of pride “I’m proud to have helped some babies overcome the death and get well” (N16) “I’m proud to see the facility is good, the nurses after being trained now work better, and the patients are being treated better” (N14) “I feel proud to have contributed to the recovery of the babies” (N2) “[the] neonatal unit now have full equipment from sponsored projects, not lacking as before, therefore we have much more opportunities to treat patients” (N3) “I feel proud to have contributed to the recovery of the babies and I feel happy for the babies to be discharged” (N7) “I think that the neonatal unit has changed both in awareness and in practice. I am proud to work here” (N5) Changes nurses would make about working environment “I am just a nurse I don’t want to change anything” (N2) “We should review our mistakes and learn from that experience in order that we will not feel remorse for the mistakes we make” (N2) “I look forward to passing on my knowledge and experience to junior nurses in order that they are able to care for newborn babies better” (N9) Perceptions of professional training “I gained a lot [of] benefits. I know more problems that need to be tackled. The newborns do have feeling for pain too, and now I listen to them, watch them carefully” (N11) “The course has changed me a lot. Previously, I did not know the babies perception so I cared less about them. But after completing the training, I know more about their psychology and I know their feelings as well. I also know the joy, the sorrow, and the pain of the babies that rely on their faces. The more I talk to them, the more I love them” (N9) “After the training I am thinking more about the psychology of the baby which can affect her treatment and prolong hospitalization” (N14) Perceptions of personal improvements T1: “Change me 100%, in both my perception and my practice” (N4) T2: “I feel confident caring for newborn babies and am extremely grateful to all the teachers for that” (N16) T3: “After the training, my clinical practice changed a lot. I feel more responsible for my work” (N13) Advice for new neonatal nurses “The most important part of a nurse’s work is caring” (N16) “You must concentrate on the work. The baby’s future depends on us. We give the baby a good future, or not?” (N9) “I will remind new nurses that the newborn babies know the feeling hurt and they can feel everything around. Work with all your heart” (N13) “They should listen to the instructions from seniors and update new knowledge as much as possible” (N11) “I advise them to
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