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pediatrician 2. Observe for side effects 3. Initiate and reinforce good dietary habits 4. Assist parents to select iron rich foods that are affordable and culturally acceptable 5. Provide care to the underlying causes 6. Administer antibiotics as prescribed 7. Adminiter folic acid or Vitamin B12 as prescribed 8. Teach parents how to administer medications Pediatric Nursing and child health care 102 Study Questions 1. How can a nurse contribute to decrease morbidity and mortality among under five children? 2. What are the important points to observe during screening in under five clinics? 3. What are some of the important approaches in preventing malnutrition among under five children's? 4. During growth monitoring intervention what important points should be considered to promote normal growth and development? Pediatric Nursing and child health care 103 CHAPTER EIGHT ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION (ARI) Learning Objectives: After studying the material in this chapter the student will be able to:- - Describe the magnitude of acute respiratory infection morbidity and mortality among under five children in Ethiopia - Identify and use simple clinical signs to classify and treat a child with acute respiratory infection (ARI) - Distinguish the clinical manifestations of ARI among children under 2 months of age and older children - Identify danger signs of ARI in infants and children and take appropriate action - Identify and use commonly available and effective antibiotics against Common etiologic agents of ARI. - Give advice to the mother on home treatment of ARI. Pediatric Nursing and child health care 104 8.1 Introduction In Ethiopia 20-25 % of morbidity in under fives is due to ARI. The majority of serious ARI illnesses are due to pneumonia. Almost all ARI deaths in young children are due to Acute Lower Respiratory Infections (ALRI), mostly pneumonia. Acute respiratory infections are anatomically divided into Acute Upper and Acute Lower Respiratory infections. The main objective of ARI control program is to reduce mortality due to pneumonia in children.
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