Drafting your philosophy of education

Take out a sheet of paper or open a document on your computer. Then begin to answer some of these questions:

1. What do you believe about education?

2. What purpose does education serve in bettering society?

3. Do you believe all students can learn?

4. What goals do you have for your students?

5. What goals do you have for yourself?

6. Do you abide by certain standards?

7. What does it take to be a good teacher?

8. How do you incorporate new techniques, activities, curriculum, and technology into your teaching?

起草你的教育理念

拿出一张纸或在计算机上打开一个文档。然后开始回答其中一些问题：

1.   你对教育有什么看法？

2.   教育在改善社会方面有什么作用？

3.   你相信所有学生都能学习吗？

4.   你对学生有什么目标？

5.   你对自己有什么目标？

6.   你遵守某些标准吗？

7.   成为一名好老师需要什么？

8.   您如何将新技术、活动、课程和技术融入教学中？

Philosophy of education is the branch of applied or practical philosophy concerned with the nature and aims of education and the philosophical problems arising from educational theory and practice. Because that practice is ubiquitous in and across human societies, its social and individual manifestations so varied, and its influence so profound, the subject is wide-ranging, involving issues in ethics and social/political philosophy, epistemology, metaphysics, philosophy of mind and language, and other areas of philosophy. Because it looks both inward to the parent discipline and outward to educational practice and the social, legal, and institutional contexts in which it takes place, philosophy of education concerns itself with both sides of the traditional theory/practice divide. Its subject matter includes both basic philosophical issues (e.g., the nature of the knowledge worth teaching, the character of educational equality and justice, etc.) and problems concerning specific educational policies and practices (e.g., the desirability of standardized curricula and testing, the social, economic, legal and moral dimensions of specific funding arrangements, the justification of curriculum decisions, etc.). In all this the philosopher of education prizes conceptual clarity, argumentative rigor, the fair-minded consideration of the interests of all involved in or affected by educational efforts and arrangements, and informed and well-reasoned valuation of educational aims and interventions. ..........

教育哲学是应用哲学或实践哲学的一个分支，涉及教育的性质和目的以及教育理论和实践中产生的哲学问题。由于这种实践在人类社会中和整个人类社会中无处不在，其社会和个人表现形式如此多样，其影响如此深远，因此该主题范围广泛，涉及伦理学和社会/政治哲学、认识论、形而上学、心灵和语言哲学以及其他哲学领域的问题。因为它既向内看母学科，又向外看教育实践以及它发生的社会、法律和制度背景，所以教育哲学关注传统理论/实践鸿沟的两面。其主题既包括基本的哲学问题（例如，值得教授的知识的性质，教育平等和正义的性质等），也包括有关具体教育政策和做法的问题（例如，标准化课程和考试的可取性，具体供资安排的社会、经济、法律和道德层面，课程决定的理由）。 等）。在所有这些方面，教育哲学家珍视概念的清晰性、论证的严谨性、对所有参与教育努力和安排或受其影响的人的利益的公平考虑，以及对教育目标和干预措施的知情和合理的估值。 ..........阅读更多来自斯坦福哲学百科全书。

Read more from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy ..........阅读更多来自斯坦福哲学百科全书。.    Click 

1. Perennialism:Focus on the great ideas of Western civilization, viewed as of enduring value. Focus on developing intellect and cultural literacy. Also called a classical curriculum.

2.Essentialism:Focus on teaching a common core of knowledge, including basic literacy and morality. Believes schools should not try to critique or change society, but rather transmit essential understandings.

3.Progressivism: Focus on the whole child as the experimenter and independent thinker. Believes active experience leads to questioning and problem solving. Approaches textbooks as tools instead of authoritarian sources of knowledge.

4.Social Reconstructionism:Focus on developing important social questions by critically examining society. Recognizes influence of social, economic, and political systems. Believes schools can lead to collaborative change to develop a better society and enhance social justice.

1. 永恒主义：专注于西方文明的伟大思想，被视为具有持久价值。注重发展智力和文化素养。也称为经典课程。

2.本质主义：注重传授共同核心知识，包括基本素养和道德。认为学校不应该试图批评或改变社会，而应该传递基本的理解。

3.进步主义：关注整个孩子作为实验者和独立思考者。相信积极的体验会导致质疑和解决问题。将教科书视为工具，而不是专制的知识来源。

4.社会重建主义：通过批判性地审视社会，专注于发展重要的社会问题。承认社会、经济和政治制度的影响。相信学校可以带来协作变革，以发展更美好的社会并加强社会正义。

Definition of Philosophy

Different philosophers defined the term ‘philosophy’ in different manners

According to John Dewey, ‘Philosophy is critical reviewing of just those familiar things’

According to Raymond, ‘Philosophy is an unceasing effort to discover the general truth that lies behind the particular facts’

Thus, it is understood that philosophy is mostly an idea of what is possible and not a record of accomplished facts. Hence it is hypothetical. It may or may not be proved true.

It may be described as, ‘Generalize thinking in relation to its place, concern and value in experience’. In broader sense, it is a particular way of looking at things.

 哲学的定义

不同的哲学家以不同的方式定义“哲学”一词

根据约翰·杜威（John Dewey）的说法，“哲学是对那些熟悉的事物的批判性审查”

根据雷蒙德的说法，“哲学是一种不断的努力，以发现隐藏在特定事实背后的一般真理”

因此，可以理解，哲学主要是对什么是可能的观念，而不是对既成事实的记录。因此，它是假设的。它可能被证明是真的，也可能不会被证明是真的。

它可以被描述为，“概括思考在经验中的地位、关注点和价值”。从广义上讲，它是一种看待事物的特殊方式。

Philosophy and education are closely related to each other just like flower and fragrance.
While the later is the active side. Education is the dynamic side of Philosophy. In other words, it is the Philosophy in action.

The close relationship between Philosophy and education lead to the emergence of a new branch of knowledge, “Philosophy of Education”, which traditionally assumed the burden of formalize goals, norms and standards by which to conduct the educative process.

According to Russel, ‘Philosophy of education is a new branch of knowledge which discusses education from philosophical point of view’.

哲学和教育就像花香一样紧密相连。而后者是活跃的一面。教育是哲学的动态方面。換句話說，它是運作中的哲學。

哲学与教育之间的密切关系导致了一个新的知识分支的出现，即“教育哲学”，它传统上承担着正式确定进行教育过程的目标、规范和标准的负担。

罗素认为，“教育哲学是从哲学角度讨论教育的一个新的知识分支”。

An educational philosophy is a personal statement of a teacher’s guiding principles are most effectively maximized, as well as, the role of the educators in the classroom, school, community and society.

It teaches teachers to come to classroom with a unique set of principles and ideals that helps the students. A statement of educational philosophy somehow distantness through self-reflection, professional growth and sometimes sharing with the learner’s school community.

教育理念是教师的指导原则的个人陈述，也是教育工作者在课堂、学校、社区和社会中的作用。

它教老师带着一套独特的原则和理想来到课堂，帮助学生。教育理念的陈述通过自我反思、专业成长以及有时与学习者的学校社区分享而以某种方式疏远。

Nature and Scope of Educational Philosophy

Nature:-

Educational Philosophy is the combination of both philosophy and education. Both the subjects are in fact the either side of the same coin. Philosophy is contemplative while education is active side. Therefore, educational philosophy can be termed as applied philosophy where philosophical direction is followed. However, the basic nature of educational philosophy can be summarized as follows:

      1.      Educational Philosophy looks at the problem of education in all aspects.

      2.      It studies the complex and deeper problems of education and suggests solutions.

      3.      John Dewey views that, ‘Philosophy is the theory of education in its most general phases’.

Some thinkers are of the view that philosophy is the foundation on which the super structure of education is based.

Scope:-

The scope and field of educational philosophy is very vast. It encompasses all the major aspects of education. However, the broad scope and field of educational philosophy can be understood by the following points:

        1.      It determines the aims of education.

        2.      It determines curriculum.

        3.      It takes into account method of teaching.

        4.      It determines the nature and forms of discipline.

        5.      It influences the thinking and behavior of a teacher.

        6.      It is very much connected with school organization.

Relationship between Education and Philosophy

Apparently, there seems to be little connection between philosophy and education. One is science while the other is an art. One is speculative while the other is practical. Philosophy determines the supreme aim of life and checks standards and values that should guide and direct men’s educational approach to achieve them. Philosophy is a major concern of education. There is in fact an intimate relationship between philosophy and education which can be explained in the following manners:

         a. Philosophy points out the way to be followed by education: Philosophy points out the way to be followed by the educators to the modification of the child’s behavior. Philosophy deals with the ends and education with the means to achieve those ends. Philosophy formulates the method or the process to be followed in classroom transaction. It gives ideals, values and principles. Education workout those ideals, values and principles.

         b.Education is the best means for the   propagation of philosophy: According to Ross, philosophy and education are the two sides of the same coin. The former is contemplative and the later is the  active side. In the words of Sir John Adam, education is the dynamic side of  philosophy. Philosophy set the goals of life. Education provides the means for its achievements.

         c.   All great philosophers of the world  have also been great educators: The intimate relationship between the  philosophy and education is yet another way. The philosophy of all times from  Plato up to present day have also been great educators. Philosophers like  Aristotle, Locke, Rousseau, Spencer, John Dewey, Tagore, Gandhi were also great
educators.

           d.Philosophy determines all the broad aspects of education: Philosophy provides aims to education. These aims determine the curriculum, the method of teaching, the problem of school organization and school discipline and also the role of a teacher in the educational process. Thus, so long as we need aim of education, the philosophy will continue influencing and determining both the matter and method of education. It will continue making a unique to the development of educational theory and practice.

  教育理念的性质和范围

自然界：-

教育哲学是哲学和教育的结合。事实上，这两个主题都是同一枚硬币的两面。哲学是沉思的，而教育是积极的一面。因此，教育哲学可以称为遵循哲学方向的应用哲学。但是，教育理念的基本性质可以概括如下：

          1、教育理念从各个方面看待教育问题。

          2. 研究教育的复杂和深层次问题，并提出解决方案。

          3. 约翰·杜威认为，“哲学是处于最一般阶段的教育理论”。

一些思想家认为，哲学是教育上层结构的基础。

范围：-

教育理念的范围和领域非常广泛。它涵盖了教育的所有主要方面。但是，教育理念的广泛范围和领域可以通过以下几点来理解：

        1.它决定了教育的目标。

        2.它决定课程。

        3.考虑到教学方法。

        4.它决定了纪律的性质和形式。

        5.它会影响老师的思想和行为。

        6.它与学校组织密切相关。

   b..     教育是传播哲学的最佳手段：罗斯认为，哲学和教育是同一枚硬币的两面。前者是沉思，后者是活跃的一面。用约翰·亚当爵士的话来说，教育是哲学的动态方面。哲学设定了人生的目标。教育是取得成就的手段。

         三.     世界上所有偉大的哲學家也都是偉大的教育家：哲學與教育之間的親密關係是另一種方式。从柏拉图到现在的所有时代的哲学也是伟大的教育家。
亚里士多德、洛克、卢梭、斯宾塞、约翰·杜威、泰戈尔    、甘地等哲学家也是伟大的教育家。

       d. 哲学决定教育的所有广泛方面：哲学为教育提供了目标。这些目标决定了课程、教学方法、学校组织和学校纪律问题以及教师在教育过程中的作用。因此，只要我们需要教育的目标，哲学就会继续影响和决定教育的问题和方法。它将继续为教育理论和实践的发展做出独特的贡献。