Dick and Carey Design Model
9 Stages of Dick and Carey Model
Dick and Carey made a significant contribution to the instructional design field in their development of a systematic view of instruction as opposed to viewing instruction as a sum of isolated parts. The model addresses instruction as an entire system, focusing on the interrelationship between context, content, learning, and instruction. The Dick and Carey model call for nine or ten different steps depending on how the assessment process is evaluated. For this module, we'll use the more traditional nine-step process. Here is a breakdown of those steps and a summary of instructional strategies and action steps associated with each one.
Stage 1: Instructional Goal
Purpose: To identify the desirable state as a result of instruction.
Needs Analysis: Analysis of a discrepancy between an instructional goal and the present state of affairs or a personal perception of needs
Stage 2: Instructional Analysis
Purpose: To determine the skills involved in reaching a goal.
Task Analysis (procedural analysis): about the product of which would be a list of steps and the skills used at each step in the procedure
Information-Processing Analysis: about the mental operations used by a person who has learned a complex skill
Learning-Task Analysis: about the objectives of instruction that involve intellectual skills
Stage 3: Entry Behaviors and Learner Characteristics
Purpose: To determine which of the required enabling skills the learners bring to the learning task.
Intellectual skills
Abilities such as verbal comprehension and spatial orientation
Personality traits
Stage 4: Performance Objectives
Purpose: To translate the needs and goals into specific and detailed objectives.
Functions: Determining whether the instruction related to its goals
Focusing the lesson planning upon appropriate conditions of learning
Guiding the development of measures of learner performance
Assisting learners in their study efforts
Stage 5: Criterion-Referenced Test Items
Purpose: To diagnose an individual possession of the necessary prerequisites for learning new skills.
To check the results of student learning during the process of a lesson.
To provide a document of students’ progress for parents or administrators.
Useful in evaluating the instructional system itself (Formative/ Summative evaluation)
Early determination of performance measures before the development of lesson plan and instructional materials
Stage 6: Instructional Strategy
Purpose: To outline how instructional activities will relate to the accomplishment of the objectives.
The best lesson design: Demonstrating knowledge about the learners, tasks reflected in the objectives, and effectiveness of teaching strategies
Stage 7: Instructional Materials
Purpose: To select or develop printed or other media intended to convey events of instruction.
Use of existing materials when it is possible
Need for development of new materials, otherwise
Role of teacher: It depends on the choice of the delivery system
Stage 8: Formative Evaluation
Purpose: To provide data for revising and improving instructional materials.
To revise the instruction to make it as effective as possible for a larger number of students.
One on One: One evaluator sitting with one learner to interview
Small-Group
Field Trial
Stage 9: Summative Evaluation
Purpose: To study the effectiveness of the system as a whole.
Conducted after the system has passed through its formative stage
Small scale/ Large Scale
Short period/ Long period
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References
Dick, W. (2012). A model for the systematic design of instruction. Instructional Design: International Perspectives: Volume I: Theory, Research, and Models: volume Ii: Solving Instructional Design Problems, 361.
Utama, A. A. G. S. (2016). The Usage of e-learning model to optimize learning system in higher education by using dick and carey design approach. Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Business Intelligence, 2(1), 50-56.
9 Steps To Apply The Dick And Carey Model In eLearning.(Podcast content)
Dick and Carey first introduced their Systems Approach Model back in 1978, when they published The Systematic Design of Instruction. Since then, it has been one of the most popular Instructional Design models
Dick and Carey Model is all about the relationships between educational content, context, learning behavior, and instructional technique.
Dick and Carey state that "Components such as the instructor, learners, materials, instructional activities, delivery system, and learning and performance environments interact with each other and work together to bring about the desired learner outcomes”.
It is addressed in 9-step approach to Instructional Design
The first step is to clarify your goals and objectives. The learner must be aware of what they will be able to do when they complete the course.
Step 2 is determining what your learners already know so that you can figure out how to fill the learning gap. This can be done through e- learning assessments , surveys , and interviews that focus on their current skill sets and knowledge base.
Step 3 is to Conduct audience research to determine ดีเทอรมีน your learner’s behaviors, traits, personal preferences, and motivation factors,
Step 4 is in addition to the learning goals, you must also develop performance objectives that clearly describe the task or process that must be mastered,
Step five involves finding the ideal eLearning assessment type for your learners, such as the multiple-choice questions or interactive scenarios, as well as the grading rubric and criteria.
Step six is time to create a sound instructional eLearning strategy for your audience. You should take into consideration the learning theories that are best suited for your subject matter and learner needs
Step 7 is to select each of the learning materials, tools, and online exercises that serve the learning goals and objectives.
Step 8 and 9 is to Carry out formative and summative evaluation.