Embedded Files
Physical Assessment Textbook
Physical Assessment Textbook
Chapter 23: Neurologic System
Pathophysiology Textbook
Pathophysiology Textbook
Chapter 15: Structure and Function of the Neurologic System
Brain
Brain
Cranial Nerves
Cranial Nerves
Examination of the olfactory cranial nerve. Occlude one naris, hold the vial with aromatic substance under the nose, and ask the patient to deeply inspire. If the patient's eyes are open, make sure there are no visual cues to odors. The patient should discriminate between odors.
Examination of the trigeminal cranial nerve for motor function. Have the patient tightly clench the teeth, and then palpate the muscles over the jaw for tone
Examination of the trigeminal cranial nerve for sensory function. Touch each side of the face at the scalp, cheek, and chin areas alternately using no predictable pattern (A) with the point and rounded edge of a paper clip or broken tongue blade and (B) with a brush or cotton wisp. Ask the patient to discriminate between sensations.
Examination of the trigeminal cranial nerve for sensory function. Touch each side of the face at the scalp, cheek, and chin areas alternately using no predictable pattern (A) with the point and rounded edge of a paper clip or broken tongue blade and (B) with a brush or cotton wisp. Ask the patient to discriminate between sensations.
Examination of the facial cranial nerve for motor function. Ask the patient to
(A) wrinkle the forehead by raising the eyebrows;
(B) smile;
(C) puff out the cheeks;
(D) purse the lips and blow out;
(E) show the teeth; and
(F) squeeze the eyes shut.
Location of the taste bud regions tested for the sensory function of the facial and glossopharyngeal cranial nerves.
Examination of the hypoglossal cranial nerve.
A, Inspect the protruded tongue for size, shape, symmetry, and fasciculation.
B, Observe movement of the tongue from side to side.
Disorders that affect the cranial nerves include:
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
A progressive disorder where nerve cells break down and muscles weaken.
- Bell’s palsy
Sudden muscle weakness and drooping in one half of your face.
- Hemifacial spasm
Involuntary contractions (twitches) on one side of your face.
- Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
Loss of ability to move your eyes in sync when you look to the side.
- Oculomotor palsy
Damage to your third cranial nerve that causes one of your eyes to stay positioned as though you are looking down and out to the side.
- Stroke
Interruption to blood supply in your brain because of a blood clot or ruptured (burst) blood vessel.
- Traumatic brain injury
Disruption or damage to brain function, often because of a sudden and violent blow to the head.
- Trigeminal neuralgia
Chronic pain in your fifth cranial nerve, which runs through your cheek.
A cranial nerve disorder might affect your:
Balance
Facial expressions
Hearing
Sense of smell
Swallowing
Taste
Vision
Mnemonic
Mnemonic
Remembering cranial nerve names in order of CN I to CN XII:
On old Olympus's towering top a Finn and German viewed some hops
Ooh, ooh, ooh to touch and feel very good velvet. Such heaven!
On Occasion Our Trusty Truck Acts Funny Very Good Vehicle Any How
Remembering functional information:
Some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter more
Some say my mother bought my brother some bad beer, my, my
S: sensory; m: motor; b: both
Cranial Nerves Assessment
Cranial Nerves Assessment
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