Commercial Production / 10.3 /
Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)
Embedded Files
Computer-integrated manufacturing uses computers to automatically monitor and control the entire production of a product. When considering design for manufacture (DfM), designers should be able to integrate computers from the earliest stage of design. This requires knowledge and experience of the manufacturing processes available to ensure integration is efficient and effective. Through the integration of computers, the rate of production can be increased and errors in manufacturing can be reduced or eliminated, although the main advantage is the ability to create automated manufacturing processes.
10.3.1 | Elements of CIM
10.3.1 | Elements of CIM
Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) is a generic term for the involvement of networked (linked) computer systems in different aspects of a production process. The output of one element of CIM might be the input of another element. E.g. digital designs might form the input for manufacturing.
Typical examples of CIM are:
The use of Computer-Aided Design technology to design, prototype, and iterate a design. The software can generate a Bill Of Materials (BOM) as well as files and digital assets needed for (computer-aided) manufacturing.
The use of scheduling software to generate a production plan that takes into account production costs, available processes, available human resources etc.
Sensors in assembly lines can ensure quality by detecting errors and defects.
Inventory control software tracks the location of materials and parts within the production process; and ensures that inventory levels are at an appropriate level.
The use of accounting software to manage customer data, payments, and investments.
The use of Enterprise Resource Planning software to keep track of all assets of a company and plan for future replacement and maintenance.
Distribution processes use computerized systems to manage and organize the storage of raw materials, finished products, and the shipping of the finished product to the client. These types of systems make use of bar codes, RFID chips, and increasingly AI technologies to manage and track items and distribution.
Computer Integrated Manufacture is about different computer systems communicating (automatically). The output of one system is the input of another.
Benefits
Benefits
Increased efficiency: Automating tasks and streamlining processes can significantly improve production speed and output.
Improved quality: Consistent computer control minimizes human error and ensures product quality remains consistent.
Reduced costs: Lowering labour costs, minimizing waste, and improving efficiency can lead to significant cost savings.
Increased flexibility: CIM systems can be adapted and programmed to produce different products or variations, enhancing production flexibility.
Improved data management: Real-time data collection and analysis allow for better decision-making and continuous improvement across various aspects of production.
Challenges
Challenges
High initial investment: Setting up a CIM system can be expensive due to the cost of hardware, software, and implementation.
Complexity: Implementing and managing a complex system requires specialized expertise and ongoing maintenance.
Dependence on technology: System downtime or malfunctions can disrupt the entire production process.
Potential job displacement: Automation may lead to job losses, requiring workforce training and adaptation to new roles.
10.3.2 | CIM and Scales of Production
10.3.2 | CIM and Scales of Production
Sophisticated CIM systems allow large companies to operate at a global level while making use of economies of scale. The integrated systems streamline all of their processes, from design to manufacture to distribution. Not all companies operate at a large scale though. And depending on the scale of operation CIM has different advantages or disadvantages. Overall, the feasibility and effectiveness of CIM in different production scales depend on:
Cost-benefit analysis: Carefully evaluating the high initial investment against the potential cost savings and improved efficiency.
Production complexity: Assessing the adaptability and flexibility of the system to handle different products or variations, especially relevant in low-volume settings.
Resource availability: Determining the availability of skilled personnel to manage and maintain the system, even in smaller companies.
While CIM offers significant benefits in high-volume production, its cost and complexity might outweigh the advantages for low-volume manufacturers. Companies need to consider their specific needs and resources before implementing CIM to achieve optimal results and avoid potential drawbacks.
High-Volume Production
High-Volume Production
Advantages
Highly efficient and cost-effective: CIM can significantly increase production speed and output at economies of scale, leading to lower costs per unit produced.
Consistent product quality: Consistent computer control ensures consistent product quality throughout large production runs, minimizing defects and waste.
Reduced labour costs: Automation can replace repetitive tasks, reducing labour costs in high-volume manufacturing.
Disadvantages:
High initial investment: Setting up a CIM system can be very expensive due to hardware, software, and implementation costs.
Potential for overheads: High upfront costs create significant overheads that require high production volumes to justify the investment.
Less flexibility: Large-scale, custom-built CIM systems may be less adaptable to product changes or variations compared to smaller systems.
Low-Volume Production
Low-Volume Production
Advantages
Enhanced flexibility: Smaller, modular CIM systems can be more adaptable to produce different products or variations, even in low-volume settings.
Improved quality control: Real-time monitoring capabilities can enhance quality control even in small production runs, minimizing defects and potential recalls.
Disadvantages
May not be cost-effective: The high initial investment might outweigh the potential benefits for small-scale production with low-profit margins.
Complexity management: Even smaller systems require specialized expertise for implementation and ongoing maintenance, which can be challenging for smaller companies.
Limited cost savings: Automation benefits might be less significant in smaller operations, potentially reducing the overall cost advantage compared to high-volume production.
Page updated
Report abuse