Background and Methods

Ancient Egypt was in many cases the first major civilization of the ancient world. Founded in 3100 B.C. this Ancient civilization was the cultural hub of Africa for years before it was conquered in 322 B.C. They built some of the most impressive and colossal monuments in the world to date including but not limited to the Sphinx and the pyramids of Giza. The Pyramids were built in 2780 B.C They were constructed in order to house the body or more specifically the mummy of the Pharaoh after his death. The Ancient Egyptians believed that after a pharaoh died he would be transformed into God in the afterlife, therefore he needed a temple and burial place for his lifelong belongings.The biggest civilization in the modern that the modern era can pinpoint is the city of Thebes. In 2,000 B.C the city had a population of up to 40,000. It was the cultural hub of Egypt including many different religions but most importantly was the hub of religion on the region. With many deferent temples and places of worship, Religion was very important in Egyptian culture, Religion tied the afterlife to the normal life for many Egyptians. Priests were the main connection to their version of the afterlife. Osiris the god of the underworld, was not just the god of the underworld but the god that gave birth to vegetation from the annual flood of the Nile. This was the Egyptian way of explaining floods as well as plant life for the Nile river. Represented as a man being the son of Geb and Nut who ruled the Heavens and the Earths. The god Anubis was the god of funerary practices and mummification. He defended Egypt from chaos while leading souls to the afterlife. Represented by a man with the head of a Jackal. (Kochenash2021)

Figure 5: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Anubis_standing.svg/800px-Anubis_standing.svg.png https://images-wixmp-ed30a86b8c4ca887773594c2.wixmp.com/f/70faf891-6309-4432-8673-037ad646bac3/dfvqlia-40f7a483-39e6-4873-876c-080ef14c6137.png?token=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJ1cm46YXBwOjdlMGQxODg5ODIyNjQzNzNhNWYwZDQxNWVhMGQyNmUwIiwiaXNzIjoidXJuOmFwcDo3ZTBkMTg4OTgyMjY0MzczYTVmMGQ0MTVlYTBkMjZlMCIsIm9iaiI6W1t7InBhdGgiOiJcL2ZcLzcwZmFmODkxLTYzMDktNDQzMi04NjczLTAzN2FkNjQ2YmFjM1wvZGZ2cWxpYS00MGY3YTQ4My0zOWU2LTQ4NzMtODc2Yy0wODBlZjE0YzYxMzcucG5nIn1dXSwiYXVkIjpbInVybjpzZXJ2aWNlOmZpbGUuZG93bmxvYWQiXX0.9ZrXHbP9uC1rIJZHDPz9hLTTbh3KReN-_jtNhd9RtYE  These two images show Anubis and Osiris the two main gods of the afterlife.